{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:06:01Z","timestamp":1771034761961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To investigate the changes in choroidal vascular structures after exercise in patients with glaucoma using an image binarisation algorithm with enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Thirty-four eyes of 19 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 40 eyes of 20 normal subjects were included in the glaucoma and control groups, respectively. All subjects were evaluated before, immediately after, and 30\u00a0min after 20-min running at moderate speed. The subfoveal choroidal area was segmented into the luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA), and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was measured by calculating the ratio of LA to the total choroidal area (TCA). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP), subfoveal choroidal thickness, CVI, SA, CA, and TCA were compared within and between both groups. The correlation between CVI, IOP, and other vascular indexes was investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In the glaucoma group, a significantly lower CVI was found immediately after exercise and recovered 30\u00a0min after exercise. Higher TCA and LA levels were demonstrated 30\u00a0min after exercise compared to immediately after exercise. In both groups, IOP decreased immediately after exercise but was restored after a 30-min rest. In the glaucoma group, there was a higher correlation between CVI and other choroidal vascular parameters than in the control group. There was no difference in IOP or choroidal parameters between the groups at different time points.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> In patients with glaucoma, CVI decreased significantly immediately after exercise, indicating that the choroidal layer is affected by exercise and an unhealthy vascular regulatory mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.844795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T18:02:34Z","timestamp":1648663354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Choroidal Vascularity Index Changes After Exercise in Patients With Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiqian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiming","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hengli","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiner","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e280","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12340","article-title":"Ocular Pulse Amplitude and Doppler Waveform Analysis in Glaucoma Patients","volume":"92","author":"Abegao Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12962","article-title":"Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma - the Leuven Eye Study","volume":"94","author":"Abegao Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100829","article-title":"Exploring Choroidal Angioarchitecture in Health and Disease Using Choroidal Vascularity index","volume":"77","author":"Agrawal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090","article-title":"Choroidal Vascularity index as a Measure of Vascular Status of the Choroid: Measurements in Healthy Eyes from a Population-Based Study","volume":"6","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001419","article-title":"Short-Term Effects of Exercise on Optic Nerve and Macular Perfusion Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"37","author":"Alnawaiseh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32835d9245","article-title":"The Choroid in Glaucoma","volume":"24","author":"Banitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global Causes of Blindness and Distance Vision Impairment 1990-2020: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1880-9","article-title":"Effects of Dynamic Exercise and its Intensity on Ocular Blood Flow in Humans","volume":"111","author":"Hayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0144505","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144505","article-title":"Intraocular Pressure Rise in Subjects with and without Glaucoma during Four Common Yoga Positions","volume":"10","author":"Jasien","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01146","article-title":"Functional-Optical Coherence Tomography: A Non-invasive Approach to Assess the Sympathetic Nervous System and Intrinsic Vascular Regulation","volume":"10","author":"Jendzjowsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01990-z","article-title":"Choroidal Vascularity index in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma","author":"Karslioglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9489","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7936","article-title":"Choroidal Blood Flow Regulation after Posture Change or Isometric Exercise in Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Khayi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171441","article-title":"The Relation between Exercise and Glaucoma in a South Korean Population-Based Sample","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"094001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/abaaf0","article-title":"Comparison of Different Modulations of Photoplethysmography in Extracting Respiratory Rate: from a Physiological Perspective","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2015.12.001","article-title":"Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma: Is Physical Exercise Beneficial or a Risk?","volume":"9","author":"McMonnies","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.098574","article-title":"Non-invasive Vascular Impedance Measures Demonstrate Ocular Vasoconstriction during Isometric Exercise","volume":"91","author":"Morgan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0556","article-title":"Blood Flow in the Human Optic Nerve Head during Isometric Exercise","volume":"67","author":"Movaffaghy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24315","article-title":"Peripapillary Choroidal Vascularity Index in Glaucoma-A Comparison between Spectral-Domain OCT and OCT Angiography","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0213336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213336","article-title":"Choroidal Vascular index in Patients with Open Angle Glaucoma and Preperimetric Glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0307","article-title":"Regulation of Choroidal Blood Flow during Combined Changes in Intraocular Pressure and Arterial Blood Pressure","volume":"48","author":"Polska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24992","article-title":"Regulation of Choroidal Blood Flow during Isometric Exercise at Different Levels of Intraocular Pressure","volume":"60","author":"Popa-Cherecheanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7068","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7758","article-title":"Choroidal Blood Flow Response to Isometric Exercise in Glaucoma Patients and Patients with Ocular Hypertension","volume":"52","author":"Portmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31818fa5f3","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow: a Review","volume":"18","author":"Risner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.09.002","article-title":"The Complex Interaction between Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow - Relevance for Glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Schmidl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26286","article-title":"Peripapillary Choroidal Vascularity Index and Microstructure of Parapapillary Atrophy","volume":"60","author":"Suh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8383","article-title":"Circadian Changes in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and the Relationship with Circulatory Factors in Healthy Subjects","volume":"53","author":"Usui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119879838","article-title":"Impact of Resistance Training Sets Performed until Muscular Failure with Different Loads on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion Pressure","volume":"30","author":"Vera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.9.1251","article-title":"Intraocular Pressure Variation during Weight Lifting","volume":"124","author":"Vieira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24389","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Quantitative Assessment of Exercise-Induced Variations in Retinal Vascular Plexa of Healthy Subjects","volume":"60","author":"Vo Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e676","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13661","article-title":"Physical Exercise and Glaucoma: a Review on the Roles of Physical Exercise on Intraocular Pressure Control, Ocular Blood Flow Regulation, Neuroprotection and Glaucoma-Related Mental Health","volume":"96","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.844795\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T18:02:37Z","timestamp":1648663357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.844795\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2022.844795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.844795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"article-number":"844795"}}