{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:35:18Z","timestamp":1791999318029,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012014","name":"Kieikai Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We recently discovered novel cDNAs encoding the precursors of two small secretory proteins, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of chickens. In addition, we found colocalization of NPGL, NPGM, and histidine decarboxylase (HDC; histamine-producing enzyme) in same neurons of the medial mammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. In this study, we elucidated the effect of several stresses, including food deprivation, environmental heat, inflammation, and social isolation, on the mRNA expression of <jats:italic>NPGL<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>NPGM<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>HDC<\/jats:italic> in chicks using real-time PCR. Food deprivation for 24\u2009h increased <jats:italic>NPGM<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in the MBH. On the other hand, an environmental temperature of 37\u00b0C for 24\u2009h did not affect their mRNA expression. Six hours after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, an inducer of inflammation, the mRNA expression of <jats:italic>NPGM<\/jats:italic>, but not that of <jats:italic>NPGL<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HDC<\/jats:italic> increased. Social isolation for 3\u2009h induced an increase in the mRNA expression of <jats:italic>NPGL<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>NPGM<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>HDC<\/jats:italic>. These results indicate that NPGM, but not NPGL or HDC, may participate in several physiological responses to stress in chicks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.860912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T07:52:50Z","timestamp":1647330770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Stressors on the mRNA Expressions of Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM in Chicks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Masaki","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiko","family":"Iwakoshi-Ukena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Narimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Furumitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Ukena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305-0491(99)00169-8","article-title":"Localization of arginine vasotocin (AVT) mRNA in extrasomal compartments of magnocellular neurons in the chicken hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system","volume":"125","author":"Barth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp. 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