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Despite this, a growing body of research provides evidence that a significant proportion of OAB patients have active bladder infection. This review discusses the key findings of recent laboratory and clinical studies, providing insight into the relationship between urinary tract infection, bladder inflammation, and the pathophysiology of OAB. We summarise an array of clinical studies that find OAB patients are significantly more likely than control patients to have pathogenic bacteria in their urine and increased bladder inflammation. This review reveals the complex nature of OAB, and highlights key laboratory studies that have begun to unravel how urinary tract infection and bladder inflammation can induce urinary urgency and urinary frequency. The evidence presented in this review supports the concept that urinary tract infection may be an underappreciated contributor to the pathophysiology of some OAB patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.886782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T04:57:22Z","timestamp":1656910642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Urinary Tract Infection in Overactive Bladder: An Update on Pathophysiological Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kylie J.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate H.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Grundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3887","article-title":"The Nature of Immune Responses to Urinary Tract Infections","volume":"15","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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