{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:58:38Z","timestamp":1774126718032,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether and how dynamic stretching of the plantarflexors may influence running economy. A crossover design with a minimum of 48\u00a0h between experimental (dynamic stretching) and control conditions was used. Twelve recreational runners performed a step-wise incremental protocol to the limit of tolerance on a motorised instrumented treadmill. The initial speed was 2.3\u00a0m\/s, followed by increments of 0.2\u00a0m\/s every 3\u00a0min. Dynamic joint stiffness, vertical stiffness and running kinematics during the initial stage of the protocol were calculated. Running economy was evaluated using online gas-analysis. For each participant, the minimum number of stages completed before peak O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake (V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>) common to the two testing conditions was used to calculate the gradient of a linear regression line between V\u0307O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>-axis) and speed (<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>-axis). The number of stages, which ranged between 4 and 8, was used to construct individual subject regression equations. Non-clinical forms of magnitude-based decision method were used to assess outcomes. The dynamic stretching protocol resulted in a <jats:italic>possible<\/jats:italic> decrease in dynamic ankle joint stiffness (\u221210.7%; 90% confidence limits \u00b116.1%), a <jats:italic>possible<\/jats:italic> decrease in vertical stiffness (\u22122.3%, \u00b14.3%), a <jats:italic>possibly beneficial<\/jats:italic> effect on running economy (\u22124.0%, \u00b18.3%), and <jats:italic>very likely<\/jats:italic> decrease in gastrocnemius medialis muscle activation (\u221227.1%, \u00b139.2%). The results indicate that dynamic stretching improves running economy, <jats:italic>possibly via<\/jats:italic> decreases in dynamic joint and vertical stiffness and muscle activation. Together, these results imply that dynamic stretching should be recommended as part of the warm-up for running training in recreational athletes examined in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.948442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T06:44:23Z","timestamp":1665038663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of dynamic stretching on ankle joint stiffness, vertical stiffness and running economy during treadmill running"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"George M.","family":"Pamboris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Noorkoiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasilios","family":"Baltzopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Howes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir A.","family":"Mohagheghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2585-4","article-title":"Exercise-induced changes in triceps surae tendon stiffness and muscle strength affect running economy in humans","volume":"113","author":"Albracht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. 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