{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:16:35Z","timestamp":1791098195319,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic alterations are a common survival mechanism for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oxidative stress in the cellular and tumor microenvironment dictates metabolic switching in the cancer cells to adopt, prosper and escape therapeutic stress. Therefore, regulation of oxidative stress in tumor cells and in the tumor-microenvironment may enhance the action of conventional anticancer therapies. NRF2 is the master regulator for oxidative stress management. However, the overall oxidative stress varies with PCa clinical stage, metabolic state and therapy used for the cancer. In agreement, the blanket use of NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with anticancer therapies cause adverse effects in some preclinical cancer models. In this review, we have summarized the levels of oxidative stress, metabolic preferences and NRF2 activity in the different stages of prostate cancer. We also propose condition specific ways to use NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with conventional prostate cancer therapies. The significance of this review is not only to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of NRF2 to regulate oxidative stress-mediated metabolic switching by prostate cancer cells to escape the radiation, chemo, or hormonal therapies, and to grow aggressively, but also to provide a potential therapeutic method to control aggressive prostate cancer growth by stage specific proper use of NRF2 regulators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.989793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T14:53:31Z","timestamp":1663944811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["NRF2: A crucial regulator for mitochondrial metabolic shift and prostate cancer progression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Buttari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Arese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Oberley-Deegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Saso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Chemoprevention of prostate cancer cells by vitamin C plus quercetin: Role of Nrf2 in inducing oxidative stress","volume-title":"Nutr. Cancer","author":"Abbasi","year":""},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112133","article-title":"Roflumilast protects from cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and enhances its cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cell line. Role of NF-kappaB-p65, cAMP\/PKA and Nrf2\/HO-1, NQO1 signaling","volume":"151","author":"Abdel-Wahab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1488955","article-title":"Determination of oxidative stress levels and some antioxidant enzyme activities in prostate cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ahmed Amar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-019-01060-5","article-title":"Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits glutathione regeneration and dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate pathway on human colon carcinoma cells","volume":"25","author":"Amara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64664-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA alterations may influence the cisplatin responsiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Aminuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908127","article-title":"Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer","volume":"362","author":"Andriole","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.01.024","article-title":"Role of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in prostate cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"79","author":"Azzouni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2011.06.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in prostate cancer patients: Relation to Gleason score, treatment and bone metastasis","volume":"65","author":"Battisti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67506","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18724","article-title":"ROS-independent Nrf2 activation in prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Bellezza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R219","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0556","article-title":"Androgen control of lipid metabolism in prostate cancer: Novel insights and future applications","volume":"23","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00567","article-title":"Sulforaphane potentiates anticancer effects of doxorubicin and cisplatin and mitigates their toxic effects","volume":"11","author":"Calcabrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11404","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers","volume":"489","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07813","article-title":"AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity","volume":"458","author":"Canto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127201","article-title":"Adipocyte and lipid metabolism in cancer drug resistance","volume":"129","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186941","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 supports mitochondrial energy production and electron transport chain activity in cultured lung epithelial cells","volume":"21","author":"Carr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14623.1","article-title":"MnTE-2-PyP treatment, or NOX4 inhibition, protects against radiation-induced damage in mouse primary prostate fibroblasts by inhibiting the TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway","volume":"187","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101542","article-title":"MnTE-2-PyP, a manganese porphyrin, reduces cytotoxicity caused by irradiation in a diabetic environment through the induction of endogenous antioxidant defenses","volume":"34","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7010021","article-title":"The addition of manganese porphyrins during radiation inhibits prostate cancer growth and simultaneously protects normal prostate tissue from radiation damage","volume":"7","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413435","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS and their regulatory signals in prostate cancers","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201908_18647","article-title":"High glucose promotes prostate cancer cells apoptosis via Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C148","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00031.2015","article-title":"tert-Butylhydroquinone mobilizes intracellular-bound zinc to stabilize Nrf2 through inhibiting phosphatase activity","volume":"309","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.15.1.8679227","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1: Function, regulation, and implication of a novel stress-inducible protein in oxidant-induced lung injury","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.388","article-title":"Nrf2 is controlled by two distinct beta-TrCP recognition motifs in its Neh6 domain, one of which can be modulated by GSK-3 activity","volume":"32","author":"Chowdhry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143384","article-title":"Mitochondrial involvement in cisplatin resistance","volume":"20","author":"Cocetta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.02.013","article-title":"Zinc protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide via Nrf2-dependent stimulation of glutathione biosynthesis","volume":"44","author":"Cortese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-022-10170-x","article-title":"Prostate cancer addiction to oxidative stress defines sensitivity to anti-tumor neutrophils","volume":"39","author":"Costanzo-Garvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-010-0736-9","article-title":"Zinc is decreased in prostate cancer: An established relationship of prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Costello","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.supplement.57","article-title":"The Src family of protein tyrosine kinases: Regulation and functions","volume":"1","author":"Courtneidge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev. Suppl."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00097","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in the progression of prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Cutruzzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.09.007","article-title":"Nrf2: Redox and metabolic regulator of stem cell state and function","volume":"26","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.027664","article-title":"Altered metabolism and mitochondrial genome in prostate cancer","volume":"59","author":"Dakubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16891","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500166200","article-title":"Bach1 competes with Nrf2 leading to negative regulation of the antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene expression and induction in response to antioxidants","volume":"280","author":"Dhakshinamoorthy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.036","article-title":"The emerging role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function","volume":"88","author":"Dinkova-Kostova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6889","DOI":"10.1021\/bi047434h","article-title":"Keap1, the sensor for electrophiles and oxidants that regulates the phase 2 response, is a zinc metalloprotein","volume":"44","author":"Dinkova-Kostova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6030052","article-title":"Silencing of NRF2 reduces the expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 and sensitizes to 5-FU in pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Duong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvab025","article-title":"Targeting Nrf2-antioxidant signalling reverses acquired cabazitaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells","volume":"170","author":"Endo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.07.014","article-title":"Autophagy: A lysosomal degradation pathway with a central role in health and disease","volume":"1793","author":"Eskelinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190116124233","article-title":"Cruciferous vegetables as antioxidative, chemopreventive and antineoplasic functional foods: Preclinical and clinical evidences of sulforaphane against prostate cancers","volume":"24","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.79","article-title":"The role of Nrf2 in increased reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in prostate tumorigenesis","volume":"27","author":"Frohlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-13-20","article-title":"Oncogenic transformation of mesenchymal stem cells decreases Nrf2 expression favoring in vivo tumor growth and poorer survival","volume":"13","author":"Funes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-016-0149-5","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Gleason patterns 3 and 4 prostate cancer using reverse Warburg effect-associated genes","volume":"4","author":"Georgescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Metab."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.037","article-title":"Induction of monoamine oxidase A-mediated oxidative stress and impairment of NRF2-antioxidant defence response by polyphenol-rich fraction of Bergenia ligulata sensitizes prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"172","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908908106","article-title":"Sulforaphane destabilizes the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells by inactivating histone deacetylase 6","volume":"106","author":"Gibbs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112962","article-title":"A comprehensive review on beta-lapachone: Mechanisms, structural modifications, and therapeutic potentials","volume":"210","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808715","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.808715","article-title":"Associations between polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress and DNA repair, interactions with serum antioxidants, and prostate cancer risk: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial","volume":"11","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A0415-155RR","article-title":"Sulforaphane inhibits multiple inflammasomes through an Nrf2-independent mechanism","volume":"99","author":"Greaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03952-w","article-title":"Nrf2 activation induces mitophagy and reverses Parkin\/Pink1 knock down-mediated neuronal and muscle degeneration phenotypes","volume":"12","author":"Gumeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00435","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis as a way for active longevity: Interaction between the Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha signaling pathways","volume":"10","author":"Gureev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1322","article-title":"Increased glutathione synthesis through an ARE-nrf2-dependent pathway by zinc in the RPE: Implication for protection against oxidative stress","volume":"47","author":"Ha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017963","article-title":"NQO1-dependent redox cycling of idebenone: Effects on cellular redox potential and energy levels","volume":"6","author":"Haefeli","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-01899-y","article-title":"MUC1-C activates the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex in integrating redox balance with progression of human prostate cancer stem cells","volume":"40","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269624","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1269624","article-title":"Roles of reactive oxygen species in biological behaviors of prostate cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8220","article-title":"The interplay between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Nrf2 signaling in cardiometabolic health","volume":"35","author":"Hartwick Bjorkman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134777","article-title":"NRF2, a transcription factor for stress response and beyond","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833106ee","article-title":"Zinc and prostatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05613.x","article-title":"RelB regulates manganese superoxide dismutase gene and resistance to ionizing radiation of prostate cancer cells","volume":"1201","author":"Holley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20134853","article-title":"Nrf2 impacts cellular bioenergetics by controlling substrate availability for mitochondrial respiration","volume":"2","author":"Holmstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02100-6","article-title":"Molecular basis for the disruption of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction via Hinge & Latch mechanism","volume":"4","author":"Horie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14289","article-title":"Overactivation of the androgen receptor exacerbates gravid uterine ferroptosis via interaction with and suppression of the NRF2 defense signaling pathway","volume":"596","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.153114","article-title":"A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols maintains Nrf2 expression in prostate tumors of TRAMP mice via epigenetic inhibition of CpG methylation","volume":"142","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11783","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.19.11783","article-title":"Multivalent DNA binding complex generated by small Maf and Bach1 as a possible biochemical basis for beta-globin locus control region complex","volume":"273","author":"Igarashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0159675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159675","article-title":"Extracellular pH modulates neuroendocrine prostate cancer cell metabolism and susceptibility to the mitochondrial inhibitor niclosamide","volume":"11","author":"Ippolito","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61890","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11301","article-title":"Metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation in docetaxel resistant prostate cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Ippolito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166100","article-title":"Nrf2-ARE-Dependent alterations in zinc transporter mRNA expression in HepG2 cells","volume":"11","author":"Ishida","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.1.76","article-title":"Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain","volume":"13","author":"Itoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705070104","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1alpha","volume":"104","author":"Jager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22576","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.118976","article-title":"p62\/SQSTM1 is a target gene for transcription factor NRF2 and creates a positive feedback loop by inducing antioxidant response element-driven gene transcription","volume":"285","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.006","article-title":"Differential response of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation: Role of reactive oxygen species, GSH and Nrf2 in radiosensitivity","volume":"1840","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2020.7527","article-title":"p62 promotes proliferation, apoptosisresistance and invasion of prostate cancer cells through the Keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE axis","volume":"43","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202137","article-title":"Enhancer-bound Nrf2 licenses HIF-1alpha transcription under hypoxia to promote cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297922050030","article-title":"Oxidative stress and redox-dependent signaling in prostate cancer","volume":"87","author":"Kalinina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. (Mosc)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.11.009","article-title":"A FoxO1-dependent, but NRF2-independent induction of heme oxygenase-1 during muscle atrophy","volume":"588","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.038","article-title":"Activation of stress signaling pathways by electrophilic oxidized and nitrated lipids","volume":"52","author":"Kansanen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2012.10.001","article-title":"The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: Mechanisms of activation and dysregulation in cancer","volume":"1","author":"Kansanen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020320","article-title":"Regulation of nrf2 by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in Physiology and pathology","volume":"10","author":"Kasai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.040022","article-title":"Antioxidant-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 486 leads to rapid nuclear export of Bach1 that allows Nrf2 to bind to the antioxidant response element and activate defensive gene expression","volume":"285","author":"Kaspar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.035","article-title":"Nrf2:INrf2 (Keap1) signaling in oxidative stress","volume":"47","author":"Kaspar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.2001.00469.x","article-title":"Two domains of Nrf2 cooperatively bind CBP, a CREB binding protein, and synergistically activate transcription","volume":"6","author":"Katoh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes cells."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.03.058","article-title":"Small Maf proteins (MafF, MafG, MafK): History, structure and function","volume":"586","author":"Katsuoka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.06.007","article-title":"Stimulation of cellular senescent processes, including secretory phenotypes and anti-oxidant responses, after androgen deprivation therapy in human prostate cancer","volume":"165","author":"Kawata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23884-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial Complex I activity signals antioxidant response through ERK5","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.12.011","article-title":"Oxidative stress in prostate cancer","volume":"282","author":"Khandrika","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0127","article-title":"Epigenetic DNA methylation of antioxidative stress regulator NRF2 in human prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Khor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila)"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.07.065","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of curcumin as DNA hypomethylation agent in restoring the expression of Nrf2 via promoter CpGs demethylation","volume":"82","author":"Khor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010068","article-title":"Bardoxolone-methyl (CDDO-Me) suppresses androgen receptor and its splice-variant AR-V7 and enhances efficacy of enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Khurana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5932","article-title":"Multimodal actions of the phytochemical sulforaphane suppress both AR and AR-V7 in 22Rv1 cells: Advocating a potent pharmaceutical combination against castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"38","author":"Khurana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0903-4","article-title":"High NRF2 level mediates cancer stem cell-like properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-high ovarian cancer cells: Inhibitory role of all-trans retinoic acid in ALDH\/NRF2 signaling","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069030","article-title":"Mitochondrial function in human neuroblastoma cells is up-regulated and protected by NQO1, a plasma membrane redox enzyme","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0104","article-title":"D,L-Sulforaphane causes transcriptional repression of androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab036_011","article-title":"Modulation of cholesterol metabolism improves response to enzalutamide treatment in prostate cancer","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.03.018","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Nrf2 deficient transgenic mice reveals cellular defence and lipid metabolism as primary Nrf2-dependent pathways in the liver","volume":"73","author":"Kitteringham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2021","article-title":"The selective autophagy substrate p62 activates the stress responsive transcription factor Nrf2 through inactivation of Keap1","volume":"12","author":"Komatsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20238","article-title":"NF-kappaB and AP-1 are key signaling pathways in the modulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene by mercury, lead, and copper","volume":"22","author":"Korashy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2016.12.011","article-title":"The Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway: An update on its regulation and possible role in cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"69","author":"Krajka-Kuzniak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-017-0339-y","article-title":"Nrf2: A potential therapeutic target for diabetic neuropathy","volume":"25","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5259","article-title":"Oxidative stress is inherent in prostate cancer cells and is required for aggressive phenotype","volume":"68","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99093","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18858","article-title":"Long-term supplementation of decaffeinated green tea extract does not modify body weight or abdominal obesity in a randomized trial of men at high risk for prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0324","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea catechins for prostate cancer prevention","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila)"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70794","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12222","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety of one-year administration of green tea catechins","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2335","article-title":"Sulforaphane and TRAIL induce a synergistic elimination of advanced prostate cancer stem-like cells","volume":"44","author":"Labsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00248-10","article-title":"A noncanonical mechanism of Nrf2 activation by autophagy deficiency: Direct interaction between Keap1 and p62","volume":"30","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101210","article-title":"Impairment of HIF-1alpha-mediated metabolic adaption by NRF2-silencing in breast cancer cells","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12239","article-title":"Zinc is essential for the transcription function of Nrf2 in human renal tubule cells in vitro and mouse kidney in vivo under the diabetic condition","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2020.1868733","article-title":"Puerarin induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via inactivation of the Keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00016","article-title":"Epigenetics reactivation of Nrf2 in prostate TRAMP C1 cells by curcumin analogue FN1","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.7b00248","article-title":"Curcumin derivative epigenetically reactivates Nrf2 antioxidative stress signaling in mouse prostate cancer TRAMP C1 cells","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2018.11.006","article-title":"Sulforaphane as anticancer agent: A double-edged sword? Tricky balance between effects on tumor cells and immune cells","volume":"71","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103625","article-title":"Overcoming enzalutamide resistance in metastatic prostate cancer by targeting sphingosine kinase","volume":"72","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2014.12.010","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by inducing Nrf2 and phase II detoxification gene expression via activation of the PI3K and PKC signaling pathways","volume":"127","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1200","article-title":"Nrf2 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to radiation via decreasing basal ROS levels","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1309\/UJJTH4HFEPWAQ78Q","article-title":"Mitochondrial genome deletion aids in the identification of false- and true-negative prostate needle core biopsy specimens","volume":"129","author":"Maki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052466","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial metabolism in prostate cancer with triterpenoids","volume":"22","author":"Mamouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10444","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405244111","article-title":"Detouring of cisplatin to access mitochondrial genome for overcoming resistance","volume":"111","author":"Marrache","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.121.000744","article-title":"Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 depletion sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a1 repression","volume":"379","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2015.35","article-title":"Metformin and prostate cancer stem cells: A novel therapeutic target","volume":"18","author":"Mayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007387107","article-title":"Keap1 perceives stress via three sensors for the endogenous signaling molecules nitric oxide, zinc, and alkenals","volume":"107","author":"McMahon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.09.033","article-title":"Zinc-binding triggers a conformational-switch in the cullin-3 substrate adaptor protein KEAP1 that controls transcription factor NRF2","volume":"360","author":"McMahon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01488.x","article-title":"Zinc supplementation restores PU.1 and Nrf2 nuclear binding in alveolar macrophages and improves redox balance and bacterial clearance in the lungs of alcohol-fed rats","volume":"35","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.048","article-title":"Nicotinamide prevents sweet beverage-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating the G6PD, NADPH\/NADP(+) and GSH\/GSSG ratios and reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress","volume":"818","author":"Mejia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101104","article-title":"Androgen stimulates glycolysis for de novo lipid synthesis by increasing the activities of hexokinase 2 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase\/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2 in prostate cancer cells","volume":"433","author":"Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.12.020","article-title":"Sulforaphane induces differential modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in normal cells and tumor cells","volume":"100","author":"Negrette-Guzman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10895","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.24.10895-10906.2005","article-title":"The carboxy-terminal Neh3 domain of Nrf2 is required for transcriptional activation","volume":"25","author":"Nioi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.11.007","article-title":"Sulforaphane is a Nrf2-independent inhibitor of mitochondrial fission","volume":"11","author":"O'Mealey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914036107","article-title":"Keap1 is a forked-stem dimer structure with two large spheres enclosing the intervening, double glycine repeat, and C-terminal domains","volume":"107","author":"Ogura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6083","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.11.6083","article-title":"Bach proteins belong to a novel family of BTB-basic leucine zipper transcription factors that interact with MafK and regulate transcription through the NF-E2 site","volume":"16","author":"Oyake","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F209","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00252.2014","article-title":"Theobromine increases NAD(+)\/Sirt-1 activity and protects the kidney under diabetic conditions","volume":"308","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.009","article-title":"Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 activity controls 4-hydroxynonenal metabolism and activity in prostate cancer cells","volume":"51","author":"Pettazzoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03197-3","article-title":"NAD(P)H: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating Sirt1 in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"20","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01204-10","article-title":"SCF\/{beta}-TrCP promotes glycogen synthase kinase 3-dependent degradation of the Nrf2 transcription factor in a Keap1-independent manner","volume":"31","author":"Rada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00180-12","article-title":"Structural and functional characterization of Nrf2 degradation by the glycogen synthase kinase 3\/beta-TrCP axis","volume":"32","author":"Rada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228724","article-title":"Sulforaphane reduces prostate cancer cell growth and proliferation in vitro by modulating the cdk-cyclin Axis and expression of the CD44 variants 4, 5, and 7","volume":"21","author":"Rutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225474","article-title":"An overview of Nrf2 signaling pathway and its role in inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00868-15","article-title":"Characterizations of three major cysteine sensors of Keap1 in stress response","volume":"36","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14841","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M513737200","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibits the xenobiotic and antioxidant cell response by direct phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor Nrf2","volume":"281","author":"Salazar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087204","article-title":"Nrf1 and Nrf2 transcription factors regulate androgen receptor transactivation in prostate cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Schultz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29219","article-title":"Nrf2-ARE signaling in cellular protection: Mechanism of action and the regulatory mechanisms","volume":"235","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.02.010","article-title":"Sulforaphane inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting mTOR\/p70S6kinase signaling independent of Nrf2 activation","volume":"119","author":"Shawky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00913-w","article-title":"SPOP mutations promote p62\/SQSTM1-dependent autophagy and Nrf2 activation in prostate cancer","volume":"29","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.2174\/187152009789124655","article-title":"Novel anti-prostate cancer curcumin analogues that enhance androgen receptor degradation activity","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806268105","article-title":"Cancer related mutations in NRF2 impair its recognition by Keap1-Cul3 E3 ligase and promote malignancy","volume":"105","author":"Shibata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R243","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-12-0232","article-title":"Pro-survival and anti-apoptotic properties of androgen receptor signaling by oxidative stress promote treatment resistance in prostate cancer","volume":"19","author":"Shiota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.014","article-title":"Manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP, treatment protects the prostate from radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway and enhancing SOD2 and sirtuin activity","volume":"152","author":"Shrishrimal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6040087","article-title":"The SOD mimic, MnTE-2-PyP, protects from chronic fibrosis and inflammation in irradiated normal pelvic tissues","volume":"6","author":"Shrishrimal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgz155","article-title":"Reversal of the Warburg phenomenon in chemoprevention of prostate cancer by sulforaphane","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2018.1515551","article-title":"A mitochondrial based oncology platform for targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs): MITO-ONC-RX","volume":"17","author":"Sotgia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6093777","article-title":"Dietary regulation of keap1\/nrf2\/ARE pathway: Focus on plant-derived compounds and trace minerals","volume":"6","author":"Stefanson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209195200","article-title":"Degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and stabilization by cadmium","volume":"278","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf516","article-title":"Hemoprotein Bach1 regulates enhancer availability of heme oxygenase-1 gene","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2443.2010.01473.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution","volume":"16","author":"Taguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes cells."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00085","article-title":"The KEAP1-NRF2 system in cancer","volume":"7","author":"Taguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00660-16","article-title":"p97 negatively regulates NRF2 by extracting ubiquitylated NRF2 from the KEAP1-CUL3 E3 complex","volume":"37","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.08.019","article-title":"Identification of organoselenium compounds that possess chemopreventive properties in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells","volume":"18","author":"Terazawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg Med. Chem."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8984","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709040200","article-title":"Multiple nuclear localization signals function in the nuclear import of the transcription factor Nrf2","volume":"283","author":"Theodore","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030660","article-title":"The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer","volume":"349","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.019","article-title":"MnTE-2-PyP modulates thiol oxidation in a hydrogen peroxide-mediated manner in a human prostate cancer cell","volume":"101","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6020027","article-title":"Strange bedfellows: Nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in tumor hypoxia","volume":"6","author":"Toth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-18-1147","article-title":"Lipid uptake is an androgen-enhanced lipid supply pathway associated with prostate cancer disease progression and bone metastasis","volume":"17","author":"Tousignant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-019-01188-z","article-title":"Emerging evidence for crosstalk between Nrf2 and mitochondria in physiological homeostasis and in heart disease","volume":"43","author":"Tsushima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580617","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.580617","article-title":"Androgen receptor signaling and metabolic and cellular plasticity during progression to castration resistant prostate cancer","volume":"10","author":"Uo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-021-00623-y","article-title":"The impact of mitochondria on cancer treatment resistance","volume":"44","author":"van der Merwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Oncol. (Dordr)"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.12.095","article-title":"High aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity is related to radiation resistance due to activation of AKT signaling after insulin stimulation in prostate cancer","volume":"590","author":"Wakamiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-3386","article-title":"RXRalpha inhibits the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway through a direct interaction with the Neh7 domain of NRF2","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9304091","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9304091","article-title":"Nrf2-Mediated metabolic reprogramming in cancer","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9388","article-title":"Silencing of PYGB suppresses growth and promotes the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via the NFkappaB\/Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.104995","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3-(1-benzotriazole)-nor-beta-lapachones as NQO1-directed antitumor agents","volume":"113","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2019.09.014","article-title":"Identification of differential patterns of oxidative biomarkers in prostate cancer progression","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9493-3","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of Nrf2 by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in vitro in TRAMP C1 cell line and in vivo TRAMP prostate tumors","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20841","article-title":"In vivo pharmacodynamics of indole-3-carbinol in the inhibition of prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice: Involvement of Nrf2 and cell cycle\/apoptosis signaling pathways","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgy133","article-title":"Mitochondrial biology and prostate cancer ethnic disparity","volume":"39","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6471","article-title":"Effects of inorganic arsenic on human prostate stem-progenitor cell transformation, autophagic flux blockade, and NRF2 pathway activation","volume":"128","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4297","article-title":"KEAP1 is a redox sensitive target that arbitrates the opposing radiosensitive effects of parthenolide in normal and cancer cells","volume":"73","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2020.152851","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration via the Nrf2 signaling axis","volume":"216","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22776","article-title":"The triterpenoid corosolic acid blocks transformation and epigenetically reactivates Nrf2 in TRAMP-C1 prostate cells","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3879-z","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by inflammatory cytokines produce angiogenetic factors and promote prostate cancer growth","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp100","article-title":"Genetic versus chemoprotective activation of Nrf2 signaling: Overlapping yet distinct gene expression profiles between Keap1 knockout and triterpenoid-treated mice","volume":"30","author":"Yates","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23353","article-title":"Detection of rapidly accumulating stress-induced SUMO in prostate cancer cells by a fluorescent SUMO biosensor","volume":"60","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10378","article-title":"Salinomycin triggers prostate cancer cell apoptosis by inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress via suppressing Nrf2 signaling","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008579","article-title":"Nrf2 expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in prostate cancer of TRAMP mice","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.080","article-title":"Finasteride increases the expression of hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NF-E2-Related factor-2 (Nrf2) proteins in PC-3 cells: Implication of finasteride-mediated high-grade prostate tumor occurrence","volume":"21","author":"Yun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther. Seoul."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2017.12.002","article-title":"Disrupting the 'Warburg effect' re-routes cancer cells to OXPHOS offering a vulnerability point via 'ferroptosis'-induced cell death","volume":"68","author":"Zdralevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6962","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02415-06","article-title":"Heme induces ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor Bach1","volume":"27","author":"Zenke-Kawasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20177","article-title":"Peroxisomal branched chain fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway is upregulated in prostate cancer","volume":"63","author":"Zha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.02.010","article-title":"Sulforaphane enhances Nrf2 expression in prostate cancer TRAMP C1 cells through epigenetic regulation","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8137","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.22.8137-8151.2003","article-title":"Distinct cysteine residues in Keap1 are required for Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2 and for stabilization of Nrf2 by chemopreventive agents and oxidative stress","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0589","article-title":"Loss of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 function in prostate cancer cells causes chemoresistance and radioresistance and promotes tumor growth","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153062","article-title":"The isothiocyanate sulforaphane inhibits mTOR in an NRF2-independent manner","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2016.1224365","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and catechins on fatty acid synthase in the prostate: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2019.1619783","article-title":"Sulforaphane bioavailability and chemopreventive activity in men presenting for biopsy of the prostate gland: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-019-01242-7","article-title":"Polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes and prostate cancer risk","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747282","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.747282","article-title":"Beta-Lapachone selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting NQO1 to induce extensive DNA damage and PARP1 hyperactivation","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060490","article-title":"MnTE-2-PyP suppresses prostate cancer cell growth via H2O2 production","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.989793\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T14:53:37Z","timestamp":1663944817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.989793\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":191,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2022.989793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.989793","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"article-number":"989793"}}