{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:16:10Z","timestamp":1791515770306,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cold water immersion of the hand and forearm during half-time (HT) on intermittent exercise performance and thermoregulation by imitating intermittent athletic games in the heat. In a randomized crossover design, 11 physically active men performed the first half (first and second block) and second half (third and fourth block) intermittent cycling exercise protocol, which consisted of a 5-s maximal power pedalling (body weight \u00d7 0.075\u00a0kp) every minute separated by 25-s of unloaded pedalling and rest (30\u00a0s) in the heat (33\u00b0C, 50% relative humidity). The two-halves were separated by a 15-min HT. During HT, the participants were assigned to the CON (sedentary resting) or COOL (immersion of hands and forearms in cold water at 15\u201317\u00b0C) condition. The mean power output in the second half was significantly greater (third and fourth block:<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05) in the COOL than in the CON condition. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the rectal (0.54 \u00b1 0.17\u00b0C,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001) and mean skin (1.86 \u00b1 0.34\u00b0C,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05) temperatures of the COOL condition during HT. Furthermore, the heart rate (16 \u00b1 7\u00a0bpm,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05) and skin blood flow (40.2 \u00b1 10.5%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001) decreased at the end of HT in the COOL condition. In the second half, thermal sensation was more comfortable in the COOL condition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001). Cold water immersion of the hand and forearm during HT improved physiological and reduced perceived heat stress. Moreover, it prevented a reduction in intermittent exercise performance in the second half.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1143447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T04:54:45Z","timestamp":1686200085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cold water immersion of the hand and forearm during half-time improves intermittent exercise performance in the heat"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Manami","family":"Iwahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudai","family":"Chaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Yanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutsugu","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1498542","article-title":"Mixed-methods pre-match cooling improves simulated soccer performance in the heat","volume":"19","author":"Aldous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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