{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:14:49Z","timestamp":1773332089230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK113701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK113701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> methods to estimate human liver mitochondrial activity are lacking and this project\u2019s goal was to use a non-invasive breath test to quantify complete mitochondrial fat oxidation and determine how test results changed when liver disease state was altered over time. Patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 9 men, 16 women, 47 \u00b1 10\u00a0years, 113 \u00b1 23\u00a0kg) underwent a diagnostic liver biopsy and liver tissue was histologically scored by a pathologist using the NAFLD activity score (0\u20138). To assess liver oxidation activity, a labeled medium chain fatty acid was consumed orally (23.4\u00a0mg <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-octanoate) and breath samples collected over 135\u00a0min. Total CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production rates were measured using breath <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) was measured using an IV infusion of <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>-glucose. At baseline, subjects oxidized 23.4 \u00b1 3.9% (14.9%\u201331.5%) of the octanoate dose and octanoate oxidation (OctOx) was negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.474, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) and EGP (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.441, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.028). Twenty-two subjects returned for repeat tests 10.2 \u00b1 1.0\u00a0months later, following lifestyle treatment or standardized care. OctOx (% dose\/kg) was significantly greater across all subjects (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044), negatively related to reductions in EGP (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.401, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.064), and tended to correlate with reduced fasting glucose (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.371, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.090). Subjects exhibited reductions in steatosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) which tended to correlate with increased OctOx (% of dose\/kg, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.411, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.058). Based on our findings, the use of an <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C-octanoate breath test may be an indicator of hepatic steatosis and glucose metabolism, but these relationships require verification through larger studies in NAFLD populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1172675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T04:20:08Z","timestamp":1682050808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Labeled breath tests in patients with NASH: Octanoate oxidation relates best to measures of glucose metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Justine M.","family":"Mucinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisha M.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talyia M.","family":"Fordham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Diaz-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamal A.","family":"Ibdah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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