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Foam cells are a major cellular component in atherosclerotic plaques, which play an indispensable role in the occurrence, development and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. It was previously believed that foam cells were derived from macrophages or smooth muscle cells, but recent studies have suggested that there are other sources of foam cells. Many studies have found that the distribution of atherosclerotic plaques is not random but distributed at the bend and bifurcation of the arterial tree. The development and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque are affected by mechanical stress. In this review, we reviewed the advances in foam cell formation in atherosclerosis and the regulation of atherosclerotic plaque and lipid metabolism by mechanical forces. These findings provide new clues for investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1179828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T05:29:50Z","timestamp":1681363790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The cell origins of foam cell and lipid metabolism regulated by mechanical stress in atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht532","article-title":"Endothelial overexpression of LOX-1 increases plaque formation and promotes atherosclerosis in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Akhmedov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. 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