{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:15:28Z","timestamp":1790118928824,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45\u00a0ppm) and herbal betaine (150\u00a0ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45\u00a0ppm) and herbal betaine (150\u00a0ppm) formulation EO2. From day 10\u201342, the heat stress groups were exposed to cyclic HS at 35\u00b0C for 12\u00a0h (8:00\u201320:00). BW, BWG, FI, and FCRc were measured at d 0, 10, 28, and 42. Chickens were orally gavaged with FITC-d on days 10 (before heat stress) and 42. Morphometric analysis of duodenum and ileum samples and bone mineralization of tibias were done. Meat quality was assessed on day 43 with ten chickens per pen per treatment. Heat stress reduced BW by day 28 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to thermoneutral chickens. At the end of the trial, chickens that received both formulations of EO1 and EO2 had significantly higher BW than HS control chickens. A similar trend was observed for BWG. FCRc was impaired by EO2 supplementation. There was a significant increase in total mortality in EO2 compared with EO1 EO1 chickens had lower FITC-d concentrations at day 42 than the HS control. In addition, EO1 treatment is not statistically different if compared to EO2 and thermoneutral. Control HS broilers had significantly lower tibia breaking strength and total ash at day 42 than heat-stressed chickens supplemented with EO1 and EO2. Heat stress affected intestinal morphology more than thermoneutral chickens. EO1 and EO2 improved intestinal morphology in heat-stressed chickens. Woody breast and white striping were more common in thermoneutral chickens than heat stress chickens. In conclusion, the EO-containing diet could improve broiler chicken growth during cyclic heat stress, becoming increasingly relevant in antibiotic-free production in harsh climates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1184636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1685530992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Se\u00f1as-Cuesta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andressa","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan D.","family":"Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clay J.","family":"Maynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xochitl","family":"Hernandez-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Petrone-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makenly","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latasha","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Laverty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Loeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro J.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca C.","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime A.","family":"Angel-Isaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey M.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy M.","family":"Hargis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Tellez-Isaias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45106-6_111","article-title":"Impacts of climate change to poultry production in Africa: Adaptation options for broiler chickens","volume-title":"African handbook of climate change adaptation","author":"Abioja","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2022.2156932","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of Amla, Chicory and Leek extracts on growth performance, immunity and blood biochemical parameters of broilers","volume":"22","author":"Abo Ghanima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Italian J. Animal Sci."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of adding aqueous mint and lemon to heat-stress broiler\u2019s drinking water","volume":"11","author":"Al-Ramamneh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Res. Animal Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8110212","article-title":"Dietary cold pressed watercress and coconut oil mixture enhances growth performance, intestinal microbiota, antioxidant status, and immunity of growing rabbits","volume":"8","author":"Alagawany","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Meat color measurement guidelines2012"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"53","article-title":"Plasticidad fenot\u00edpica en Lippia alba y Lippia origanoides (verbenaceae): Respuesta a la disponibilidad de nitr\u00f3geno","volume":"13","author":"Antolinez-Delgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Colomb."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.2001.00331.x","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of the intestine of domestic quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) treated with different levels of dietary calcium","volume":"30","author":"Aptekmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.07.022","article-title":"Malabsorption work-up: Utility of small bowel biopsy","volume":"4","author":"Babbin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020317","article-title":"Heat shock protein response to stress in poultry: A review","volume":"13","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10010055","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory and antioxidative phytogenic substances against secret killers in poultry: Current status and prospects","volume":"10","author":"Basiouni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00056","article-title":"Optimizing fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran measurement as a biomarker in a 24-h feed restriction model to induce gut permeability in broiler chickens","volume":"4","author":"Baxter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032346","article-title":"Methyl donors, epigenetic alterations, and brain health: Understanding the connection","volume":"24","author":"Bekdash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23796-6_14","article-title":"The combined use of african natural products and conventional antimicrobials: An alternative tool against antimicrobial resistance","volume-title":"Antimicrobial research and one health in africa","author":"Booth","year":"2023"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1155324","article-title":"Metabolic and microbiota response to arginine supplementation and cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens","volume":"14","author":"Brugaletta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13121","article-title":"Current and future interventions for improving poultry health and poultry food safety and security: A comprehensive review","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"Cobb 500 broiler performance and nutrition supplement2018"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.08.002","article-title":"Environmental factors influence on chemical polymorphism of the essential oils of Lychnophora ericoides","volume":"67","author":"Curado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010218","article-title":"Effect of bamboo essential oil on the oxidative stability, microbial attributes and sensory quality of chicken meatballs","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-89871-3.00009-4","article-title":"Role of glycine betaine in the protection of plants against environmental stresses","volume-title":"Plant stress mitigators","author":"Denaxa","year":"2023"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114411","article-title":"Resveratrol relieves chronic heat stress-induced liver oxidative damage in broilers by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway","volume":"249","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19162","article-title":"Organic osmolytes increase expression of specific tight junction proteins in skin and alter barrier function in keratinocytes","volume":"184","author":"El-Chami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00919","article-title":"Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni)-enriched diet on hepatic heat shock protein and lipid metabolism-related genes in heat stressed broiler chickens","volume":"8","author":"Flees","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103916","article-title":"Combination of herbal components (curcumin, carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde) in broiler chicken feed: Impacts on response parameters, performance, fatty acid profiles, meat quality and control of coccidia and bacteria","volume":"139","author":"Galli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex096","article-title":"Influence of dietary calcium concentrations and the calcium-to-non-phytate phosphorus ratio on growth performance, bone characteristics, and digestibility in broilers","author":"Gautier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.028","article-title":"Consequences of various housing systems and dietary supplementation of thymol, carvacrol, and euganol on performance, egg quality, blood chemistry, and antioxidant parameters","volume":"99","author":"Ghanima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfv063","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils in broiler chickens diet","author":"Gheisar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.663","article-title":"Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance","volume":"8","author":"Gholami-Ahangaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.03.001","article-title":"Current experimental models, assessment and dietary modulations of intestinal permeability in broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Gilani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784952","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.784952","article-title":"Effects of herbal adaptogen feed-additive on growth performance, carcass parameters, and muscle amino acid profile in heat-stressed modern broilers","volume":"12","author":"Greene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-66-17-2023","article-title":"Effects of dietary thyme and rosemary essential oils on performance parameters with lipid oxidation, water activity, pH, colour and microbial quality of breast and drumstick meats in broiler chickens","volume":"66","author":"Gumus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4236\/ajmb.2017.71006","article-title":"Effect of supplemental oregano essential oils in diets on production performance and relatively intestinal parameters of laying hens","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2022.100274","article-title":"Potency of Origanum vulgare and Andrographis paniculata extracts on growth performance in poultry","volume":"19","author":"Jahja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2021.1972005","article-title":"Physiological dynamics in broiler chickens under heat stress and possible mitigation strategies","volume":"2","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020234","article-title":"Inferring bacterial community interactions and functionalities associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in Taiwanese postmenopausal women","volume":"11","author":"Kuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01947Liu","article-title":"Consumer acceptance of visual appearance of broiler breast meat with varying degrees of white striping","volume":"91","author":"Kuttappan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9080506","article-title":"Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance, digestive function, carcass traits, and meat quality in indigenous yellow-feathered broilers under long-term heat stress","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737632","article-title":"The effects of dietary oregano essential oil on the growth performance, intestinal health, immune, and antioxidative responses of Nile tilapia under acute heat stress","volume":"548","author":"Magouz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.22541\/au.167581443.35483050\/v1","article-title":"Strategies to combat heat stress in poultry production-A review","volume":"2023","author":"Mangan","year":"2023","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.10257","article-title":"Meat quality attributes of male and female broilers from four commercial strains processed for two market programs","volume":"101","author":"Maynard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.5.902","article-title":"Meat quality evaluation of minimally aged broiler breast fillets from five commercial genetic strains","volume":"85","author":"Mehaffey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/app13010099","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected phytogenics for sustainable poultry production","volume":"13","author":"Mnisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12322","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated complex of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improves intestinal barrier function in weaning piglets","volume":"103","author":"Mo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of poultry","year":"1994"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/17565529.2018.1442792","article-title":"Heat stress and chickens: Climate risk effects on rural poultry farming in low-income countries","volume":"11","author":"Nyoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clim. Dev."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04624-8_23","volume-title":"Feed additives in animal health,\u201d nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine","author":"Pandey","year":"2019"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2023.109119","article-title":"Muscle quality traits and oxidative status of Iberian pigs supplemented with zinc and betaine under heat stress","volume":"198","author":"Pardo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(01)00234-3","article-title":"Lippia: Traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology: A review","volume":"76","author":"Pascual","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-635X2005000400005","article-title":"Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters","volume":"7","author":"Pelicano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.02.010","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on growth performance, carcass traits and jejunal morphology in broiler chickens","volume":"214","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03322-4","article-title":"Influence of fermented feed additive on gut morphology, immune status, and microbiota in broilers","volume":"18","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010046","article-title":"Emerging genetic tools to investigate molecular pathways related to heat stress in chickens: A review","volume":"11","author":"Perini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.09.010","article-title":"Dietary coated essential oil and organic acid mixture supplementation improves health of broilers infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"12","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2151395","article-title":"Application of herbs and their derivatives in broiler chickens: A review","volume":"2023","author":"Rafeeq","year":"2023","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.abr\/2021.013","article-title":"Role of essential oils\/volatile oils in poultry production\u2014a review on present, past and future contemplations","volume":"7","author":"Raza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agrobiol. Rec."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3390\/su15021242","article-title":"Heat stress and histopathological changes of vital organs: A novel approach to assess climate resilience in farm animals","volume":"15","author":"Rebez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12101273","article-title":"Experimental cyclic heat stress on intestinal permeability, bone mineralization, leukocyte proportions and meat quality in broiler chickens","volume":"12","author":"Rocchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45013-0_7","article-title":"Influence of excipients on two elements of the stratum corneum barrier: Intercellular lipids and epidermal tight junctions","volume-title":"Percutaneous penetration enhancers chemical methods in penetration enhancement: Drug manipulation strategies and vehicle effects","author":"Roussel","year":"2015"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041084","article-title":"Evaluation of three formulations of essential oils in broiler chickens under cyclic heat stress","volume":"11","author":"Ruff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2000.5937","article-title":"Quantitative study of changes in intestinal morphology and mucus gel on total parenteral nutrition in rats","volume":"94","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13030698","article-title":"Effect of dietary salicin standardized extract from salix alba bark on oxidative stress biomarkers and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress","volume":"13","author":"Saracila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"B61","volume-title":"SAS\/Share: 9.4 user\u2019s guide","year":"2002"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110791600-008","article-title":"Application of essential oils in industries and daily usage","volume-title":"Essential oils: Sources, production and applications","author":"Shanthi","year":"2023"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2022.3.0047","article-title":"Restoring healthy gut microbiome in poultry using alternative feed additives with particular attention to phytogenic substances: Challenges and prospects","volume":"2","author":"Shehata","year":"","journal-title":"Ger. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020395","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances for optimizing gut health in poultry","volume":"10","author":"Shehata","year":"","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.05.013","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of betaine on productive performance, egg quality and jejunal tight junction-related gene expression in laying hens raised under hot environmental conditions","volume":"214","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816658099","article-title":"Wooden breast myodegeneration of pectoralis major muscle over the growth period in broilers","volume":"54","author":"Sihvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Path."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200900452","article-title":"Lippia origanoides chemotype differentiation based on essential oil GC-MS and principal component analysis","volume":"33","author":"Stashenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1147020","article-title":"Betaine and nano-emulsified vegetable oil supplementation for improving carcass and meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions","volume":"10","author":"Suliman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020284","article-title":"Maternal betaine supplementation mitigates maternal high fat diet-induced NAFLD in offspring mice through gut microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03500-y","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplemental vitamin C and betaine on the growth performance, humoral immunity, immune organ index, and antioxidant status of broilers under heat stress","volume":"55","author":"Sun S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00418","article-title":"Life cycle changes in bone mineralization and bone size traits of commercial broilers","volume":"88","author":"Talaty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91810-7.00002-9","article-title":"Transcriptomic and epigenomic network analysis reveals chicken physiological reactions against heat stress","volume":"2023","author":"Te Pas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transcr. Profiling"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew129","article-title":"Meat quality of broiler breast fillets with white striping and woody breast muscle myopathies","volume":"95","author":"Tijare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B74","first-page":"77","article-title":"Effect of the dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare L) powder and oil on the balance of the intestinal microflora of broilers reared under heat stress (32\u00b0 C)","volume":"61","author":"Turcu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Ser. D. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123582","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1123582","article-title":"Global trends and research frontiers on heat stress in poultry from 2000 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Uyanga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102322","article-title":"The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Van Puyvelde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116001397","article-title":"A carvacrol\u2013thymol blend decreased intestinal oxidative stress and influenced selected microbes without changing the messenger RNA levels of tight junction proteins in jejunal mucosa of weaning piglets","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02298-3","article-title":"Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of occludin and claudin-1 and restores intestinal barrier function","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.115975","article-title":"Antifungal efficacy of sixty essential oils and mechanism of oregano essential oil against Rhizoctonia solani","volume":"191","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.065","article-title":"Protective effects of thymol on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"116","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Correction to: Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) essential oil and chronic heat stress on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in broiler chickens","author":"Yilmaz","year":""},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-023-10073-6","article-title":"Correction to: Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) essential oil and chronic heat stress on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in broiler chickens","author":"Yilmaz","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey399","article-title":"How can heat stress affect chicken meat quality?\u2013a review","volume":"98","author":"Zaboli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2023.114547","article-title":"Effect of chitosan coating incorporated with oregano essential oil on microbial inactivation and quality properties of refrigerated chicken breasts","volume":"176","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"LWT"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1184636\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T11:03:26Z","timestamp":1685531006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1184636\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2023.1184636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1184636","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"article-number":"1184636"}}