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This review summarizes the classification, definition, and prevalence of preterm birth, and analyzes the relationship between the predicted animal days and one human year in the most widely used animal models (mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and pigs) for preterm birth studies. After that, the physiological characteristics of preterm pig models at different gestational ages are described in more detail, including birth weight, body temperature, brain development, cardiovascular system development, respiratory, digestive, and immune system development, kidney development, and blood constituents. Studies on postnatal development and adaptation of preterm pig models of different gestational ages will help to determine the physiological basis for survival and development of very preterm, middle preterm, and late preterm newborns, and will also aid in the study and accurate optimization of feeding conditions, diet- or drug-related interventions for preterm neonates. Finally, this review summarizes several accepted pediatric applications of preterm pig models in nutritional fortification, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal encephalopathy and hypothermia intervention, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy for preterm infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1189422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T14:13:09Z","timestamp":1689343989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Preterm pigs for preterm birth research: reasonably feasible"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangpeng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246954","article-title":"Does birth weight affect neonatal body weight, growth, and physiology in an animal model?","volume":"16","author":"Adjerid","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa030","article-title":"Nutrient restriction has limited short-term effects on gut, immunity, and brain development in preterm pigs","volume":"150","author":"Ahnfeldt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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