{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:55:23Z","timestamp":1783137323426,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Certain growth factors (GFs) are associated with constipation, but few studies has analyzed the causal associations between the two. Therefore, this study used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically analyze the causal associations between GF levels and constipation based on data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Both GF and constipation data were obtained from European populations. GFs, as an exposure variable, were obtained from a genetic map of the human plasma proteome containing 3,301 samples, another GWAS dataset on 90 circulating proteins containing 30,931 samples, and a GWAS dataset containing 3,788 samples. Constipation, as an outcome variable, was obtained from the FinnGen project containing 26,919 cases and 282,235 controls and another UK Biobank dataset containing 3,328 cases and 459,682 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with GFs were regarded as instrumental variables. Inverse-variance weighting, MR\u2013Egger regression, weight median, simple mode, and weight mode methods were used to determine genetic associations. Cochran\u2019s Q test, Egger intercept, and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier tests were used to analyze sensitivity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The IVW analysis based on FinnGen showed that NGFI-A-binding protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were inversely associated with constipation, and that fibroblast growth factor 7 and transforming growth factor beta receptor II levels were positively associated with constipation. The IVW analysis based on UK Biobank showed that proheparin-binding epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor AA, and vascular endothelial growth factor<jats:sub>121<\/jats:sub> were inversely associated with constipation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> This study showed that some GFs are genetically associated with the risk of constipation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1204146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T23:31:25Z","timestamp":1689204685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The causal associations between growth factors and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjie","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613031","article-title":"Expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"110","author":"Babyatsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Classification of growth factors and their receptors","author":"Bafico","year":"2003"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2792","article-title":"The FGF family: Biology, pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"8","author":"Beenken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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