{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:48:25Z","timestamp":1789804105715,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Hot water immersion (HWI) is a strategy theorised to enhance exercise recovery. However, the acute physiological responses to HWI following resistance exercise are yet to be determined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The effect of HWI on intramuscular temperature (IMT), muscle function, muscle soreness and blood markers of muscle cell disruption and inflammatory processes after resistance exercise was assessed. Sixteen resistance trained males performed resistance exercise, followed by either 10\u00a0min HWI at 40\u00b0C or 10\u00a0min passive recovery (PAS).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Post-intervention, the increase in IMT at all depths was greater for HWI compared to PAS, however this difference had disappeared by 1\u00a0h post at depths of 1 and 2\u00a0cm, and by 2\u00a0h post at a depth of 3\u00a0cm. There were no differences between groups for muscle function, muscle soreness or any blood markers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These results suggest that HWI is a viable means of heat therapy to support a greater IMT following resistance exercise. Recovery of muscle function and muscle soreness is independent of acute changes in IMT associated with HWI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1213733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T05:55:53Z","timestamp":1688536553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of hot water immersion on acute physiological responses following resistance exercise"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Jackman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip G.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Van Someren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela B.","family":"Gondek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Cockburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Essentials of strength and conditioning","author":"Baechle","year":"2008"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.7.1351","article-title":"A review of therapeutic ultrasound: Biophysical effects","volume":"81","author":"Baker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.1.359","article-title":"Intended rather than actual movement velocity determines velocity-specific training response","volume":"74","author":"Behm","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001068","article-title":"The Physiological Profile of a Multiple Tour de France Winning Cyclist","volume":"2016","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. sports Exerc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0244","article-title":"Recovery facilitation with Montmorency cherries following high-intensity, metabolically challenging exercise","volume":"40","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Physiology, Nutr. Metabolism"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"346","article-title":"Peripheral and central blood flow in man during cold, thermoneutral, and hot water immersion","volume":"63","author":"Bonde-Petersen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aviat. space, Environ. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25461","article-title":"What does individual strength say about resistance training status?","volume":"55","author":"Buckner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7413","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274870","article-title":"Post\u2010exercise recovery of contractile function and endurance in humans and mice is accelerated by heating and slowed by cooling skeletal muscle","volume":"595","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. physiology"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"565","article-title":"Effect of immersion in hot and cold water upon recovery of muscular strength following fatiguing isometric exercise","volume":"44","author":"Clarke","year":"1963","journal-title":"Archives Phys. Med. rehabilitation"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/68.7.1072","article-title":"Comparison of three treatment procedures for minimizing ankle sprain swelling","volume":"68","author":"Cot\u00e9","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0626","article-title":"The efficacy of protein supplementation during recovery from muscle-damaging concurrent exercise","volume":"42","author":"Eddens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Physiology, Nutr. Metabolism (ja)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434100-00004","article-title":"The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fibre adaptations","volume":"34","author":"Fry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1177-x","article-title":"Effects of heat stress and mechanical stretch on protein expression in cultured skeletal muscle cells","volume":"447","author":"Goto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch."},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Essentials of strength training and conditioning","author":"Haff","year":"2015"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-20","article-title":"Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance-trained males by branched chain amino acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"9","author":"Howatson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0200","article-title":"Assessing the usefulness of acute physiological responses following resistance exercise: Sensitivity, magnitude of change, and time course of measures","volume":"44","author":"Jackman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Physiology, Nutr. Metabolism"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0177-8","article-title":"International society of sports nutrition position stand: protein and exercise","volume":"14","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-010-0130-y","article-title":"Heat stress enhances mTOR signaling after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle","volume":"61","author":"Kakigi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiological Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198021000-00015","article-title":"Comparison of blood flow in the ankle of uninjured subjects during therapeutic applications of heat, cold, and exercise","volume":"12","author":"Knight","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med. Sci. sports Exerc."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.04.096","article-title":"Possible role of calcineurin in heating-related increase of rat muscle mass","volume":"331","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"222","article-title":"Effect of whirlpool therapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness","volume":"33","author":"Kuligowski","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000169611.21671.2e","article-title":"Effects of cryotherapy after contusion using real-time intravital microscopy","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Sci. sports Exerc."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1279222","article-title":"Influence of cold-water immersion on limb blood flow after resistance exercise","volume":"17","author":"Mawhinney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. sport Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.07.259","article-title":"Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy for the prevention and early phase treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness of the low back: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Mayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives Phys. Med. rehabilitation"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.19.1.57","article-title":"Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes","volume":"19","author":"McCurdy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. sport rehabilitation"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0876-6","article-title":"Turning up the heat: An evaluation of the evidence for heating to promote exercise recovery, muscle rehabilitation and adaptation","volume":"48","author":"McGorm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1080\/0264041031000140400","article-title":"Changes in the relationship between joint angle and torque production associated with the repeated bout effect","volume":"21","author":"McHugh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00130","article-title":"Specificity and context in post-exercise recovery: It is not a one-size-fits-all approach","volume":"6","author":"Minett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. physiology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2004.00349.x","article-title":"Muscle temperature and sprint performance during soccer matches\u2013beneficial effect of re\u2010warm\u2010up at half\u2010time","volume":"14","author":"Mohr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. sports"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272881","article-title":"The effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammation and cell stress responses in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise","volume":"595","author":"Peake","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiology"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1519\/R-16874.1","article-title":"Applications of the dose-response for muscular strength development: Areview of meta-analytic efficacy and reliability for designing training prescription","volume":"19","author":"Peterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Strength & Cond. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1754-6","article-title":"Short term effects of various water immersions on recovery from exhaustive intermittent exercise","volume":"111","author":"Pournot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. physiology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R101","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00431.2016","article-title":"Passive heat acclimation improves skeletal muscle contractility in humans","volume":"312","author":"Racinais","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory, Integr. Comp. Physiology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270570","article-title":"Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training","volume":"593","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. physiology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.989922","article-title":"Muscular adaptations in low-versus high-load resistance training: A meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001272","article-title":"Longer inter-set rest periods enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained men","volume":"30","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. strength Cond. research\/National Strength & Cond. Assoc."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7771\/2327-2937.1051","article-title":"The relationship between body composition and thermal responses to hot and cold water immersion","volume":"11","author":"Stephens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Perform. Extreme Environ."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.54.263","article-title":"Heat-stress enhances proliferative potential in rat soleus muscle","volume":"54","author":"Uehara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Physiology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0605-6","article-title":"Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness","volume":"102","author":"Vaile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. physiology"},{"key":"B40","first-page":"5","article-title":"Recovery review: Science vs. practice","volume":"18","author":"Vaile","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Aust. Strength Cond."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00635877","article-title":"Warm underwater water-jet massage improves recovery from intense physical exercise","volume":"71","author":"Viitasalo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiology Occup. Physiology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273659","article-title":"Cold water immersion mechanisms for recovery following exercise: Cellular stress and inflammation require closer examination","volume":"595","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. physiology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636090-00003","article-title":"Physiological response to water immersion","volume":"36","author":"Wilcock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"83","article-title":"Effects of some physiotherapeutic agents on skeletal muscle blood flow","volume":"62","author":"Wyper","year":"1976","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12040","article-title":"Heat stress activates the Akt\/mTOR signalling pathway in rat skeletal muscle","volume":"207","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1213733\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T05:56:13Z","timestamp":1688536573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1213733\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2023.1213733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1213733","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"article-number":"1213733"}}