{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T21:37:57Z","timestamp":1770759477711,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL-152160 HL-169205 HL126796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL-152160 HL-169205 HL126796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Chronic Heart failure (CHF) is a highly prevalent disease that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Diffuse vasculopathy is a commonmorbidity associated with CHF. Increased vascular permeability leading to plasma extravasation (PEx) occurs in surrounding tissues following endothelial dysfunction. Such micro- and macrovascular complications develop over time and lead to edema, inflammation, and multi-organ dysfunction in CHF. However, a systemic examination of PEx in vital organs among different time windows of CHF has never been performed. In the present study, we investigated time-dependent PEx in several major visceral organs including heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, duodenum, ileum, cecum, and pancreas between sham-operated and CHF rats induced by myocardial infarction (MI).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Plasma extravasation was determined by colorimetric evaluation of Evans Blue (EB) concentrations at 3\u00a0days, \u223c10\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0months following MI.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Data show that cardiac PEx was initially high at day 3 post MI and then gradually decreased but remained at a moderately high level at \u223c10\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0months post MI. Lung PEx began at day 3 and remained significantly elevated at both \u223c10\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0months post MI. Spleen PExwas significantly increased at \u223c10\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0months but not on day 3 post MI. Liver PEx occurred early at day 3 and remain significantly increased at \u223c10\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0months post MI. For the gastrointestinal (GI) organs including duodenum, ileum and cecum, there was a general trend that PEx level gradually increased following MI and reached statistical significance at either 10\u00a0weeks or 4\u00a0months post MI. Similar to GI PEx, renal PEx was significantly elevated at 4\u00a0months post MI.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> In summary, we found that MI generally incites a timedependent PEx of multiple visceral organs. However, the PEx time window for individual organs in response to the MI challenge was different, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of PEx in these vital organs during the development of CHF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1288907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T12:57:09Z","timestamp":1700139429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Systemic mapping of organ plasma extravasation at multiple stages of chronic heart failure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kitzerow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Suder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohanad","family":"Shukry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Lisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irving H.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667170","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.667170","article-title":"The role of vascular cells in pancreatic beta-cell function","volume":"12","author":"Burganova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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