{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:52:38Z","timestamp":1789588358772,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12072216 12072214 81770483 82070496 11802253 82370519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072216 12072214 81770483 82070496 11802253 82370519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study is to perform specific hemodynamic simulations of idealized abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) models with different diameters, curvatures and eccentricities and evaluate the risk of thrombosis and aneurysm rupture.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Nine idealized AAA models with different diameters (3\u00a0cm or 5\u00a0cm), curvatures (0\u00b0 or 30\u00b0) and eccentricities (centered on or tangent to the aorta), as well as a normal model, were constructed using commercial software (Solidworks; Dassault Systemes S.A, Suresnes, France). Hemodynamic simulations were conducted with the same time-varying volumetric flow rate extracted from the literature and 3-element Windkessel model (3 EWM) boundary conditions were applied at the aortic outlet. Several hemodynamic parameters such as time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), relative residence time (RRT), endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) and energy loss (EL) were obtained to evaluate the risk of thrombosis and aneurysm rupture under different conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Simulation results showed that the proportion of low TAWSS region and high OSI region increases with the rising of aneurysm diameter, whereas decreases in the curvature and eccentric models of the corresponding diameters, with the 5\u00a0cm normal model having the largest low TAWSS region (68.5%) and high OSI region (40%). Similar to the results of TAWSS and OSI, the high ECAP and high RRT areas were largest in the 5\u00a0cm normal model, with the highest wall-averaged value (RRT: 5.18 s, ECAP: 4.36 Pa\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Differently, the increase of aneurysm diameter, curvature, and eccentricity all lead to the increase of mean flow EL and turbulent EL, such that the highest mean flow EL (0.82\u00a0W \u00b7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and turbulent EL (1.72\u00a0W \u00b7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were observed in the eccentric 5\u00a0cm model with the bending angle of 30\u00b0.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Collectively, increases in aneurysm diameter, curvature, and eccentricity all raise mean flow EL and turbulent flow EL, which may aggravate the damage and disturbance of flow in aneurysm. In addition, it can be inferred by conventional parameters (TAWSS, OSI, RRT and ECAP) that the increase of aneurysm diameter may raise the risk of thrombosis, whereas the curvature and eccentricity appeared to have a protective effect against thrombosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1330848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T23:33:48Z","timestamp":1705620828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A hemodynamic analysis of energy loss in abdominal aortic aneurysm using three-dimension idealized model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.074666","article-title":"Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a surgical emergency with many clinical presentations","volume":"85","author":"Assar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad. 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