{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:28:29Z","timestamp":1789086509050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 \u00b1 4\u00a0years; stature = 181 \u00b1 3.8; Weight = 84 \u00b1 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training [sSIT (3 sets of 10 \u00d7 4\u00a0s all-out<\/jats:italic> sprints with 20\u00a0s of recovery between efforts and 3\u00a0min of rest intervals between sets)] or a time-matched small-sided game [SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 \u00d7 15\u00a0m area with 3\u00a0min of relief in-between)]. Before and after the 6-week training period, aerobic fitness indices, cardiac hemodynamics, and anaerobic power were assessed through a graded exercise test utilizing a gas collection system, noninvasive impedance cardiography, and a lower-body Wingate test, respectively. Also, sport-specific bio-motor abilities were determined by measuring linear speed, change of direction, and jumping ability. Comparing inter-individual variability in the adaptive changes by analyzing residuals in individual adaptations indicated that sSIT induces more uniform changes in the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1<\/jats:sub> &amp; VT2<\/jats:sub>), stroke volume, and peak power output across team members than SSG. SSG also yielded lower proportions of responders in V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn>\u2061<\/mml:mo>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, VT1<\/jats:sub>, VT2<\/jats:sub>, peak, and average power output compared to sSIT. Additionally, the coefficient of variation in mean group changes in measures of aerobic fitness and bio-motor abilities in response to sSIT were lower than in SSG. Short sprint interval training induces more homogenized adaptations in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power than small-sided games across team members.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1377552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T04:44:12Z","timestamp":1712637852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Optimal homeostatic stress to maximize the homogeneity of adaptations to interval interventions in soccer players"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Sheykhlouvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadali","family":"Gharaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945552","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.945552","article-title":"Comparative analysis of endurance, strength and body composition indicators in professional, under-23 and junior cyclists","volume":"13","author":"Alejo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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