{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1792503996412,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piast\u00f3w Slaskich we Wroclawiu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a stress-inducible hormone that regulates nutrient and metabolic homeostasis. Inflammatory state is one of the stimulators of FGF21 secretion. The aim of the study was to assess correlations between serum FGF21 level and inflammatory markers as well as nutritional status indicators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fasting serum FGF21 level was measured using ELISA test in 105 IBD patients and 17 healthy controls. There were 31 subjects with active ulcerative colitis (UC), 16 with inactive UC, 36 with active Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), and 22 with inactive CD. Clinical and endoscopic activity of IBD was evaluated based on validated scales and indices. Fecal calprotectin, serum CRP, and selected parameters of nutritional status were tested in all patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum FGF21 level was characterized by fluctuations depending on the IBD activity. FGF21 level was significantly higher in both active UC and CD compared to inactive phases of the diseases and to the controls. A correlation between FGF21 and fecal calprotectin levels was also found in UC and CD. Additionally, in CD, FGF21 level positively correlated with CRP level. In both UC and CD, a negative correlation was noted between FGF21 level and nutritional status parameters including cholesterol, protein, albumin levels, and BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intensity of intestinal inflammation is related to FGF21 level, which correlates negatively with nutritional status indicators in IBD. The disturbances in FGF21 secretion may contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis of malnutrition and weight loss in IBD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1394030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T04:48:33Z","timestamp":1719290913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A correlation of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level with inflammatory markers and indicators of nutritional status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"\u0141ukawska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Mulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150222","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1150222","article-title":"Biological and pharmacological functions of the FGF19- and FGF21-coreceptor beta klotho","volume":"14","author":"Aaldijk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/S41575-022-00658-y","article-title":"The metabolic nature of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"19","author":"Adolph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.06.003","article-title":"Interaction of glucocorticoids with FXR\/FGF19\/FGF21-mediated ileum-liver crosstalk","volume":"1864","author":"Al-Aqil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2021-0311","article-title":"High levels of fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein in patients with colitis","volume":"16","author":"Anindita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Life."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020372","article-title":"Nutritional aspects in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"12","author":"Balestrieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2792","article-title":"The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"8","author":"Beenken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064800","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21: a versatile regulator of metabolic homeostasis","volume":"38","author":"BonDurant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220493","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-4292-2022-0493","article-title":"Use of FGF21 analogs for the treatment of metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Carbonetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx102","article-title":"Prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Casanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00030","article-title":"Adipose tissue remodeling: its role in energy metabolism and metabolic disorders","volume":"7","author":"Choe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24491","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factors in the gastrointestinal tract: twists and turns","volume":"246","author":"Danopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(04)01878-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn\u2019s disease: the SES-CD","volume":"60","author":"Daperno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.9","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23","volume":"15","author":"Degirolamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-019-00675-7","article-title":"FGF19 subfamily members: FGF19 and FGF21","volume":"75","author":"Dolegowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1496","article-title":"FGF21 is increased by inflammatory stimuli and protects leptin-deficient ob\/ob mice from the toxicity of sepsis","volume":"153","author":"Feingold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4127","article-title":"Use of the Crohn\u2019s disease activity index in clinical trials of biological agents","volume":"14","author":"Freeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.212159","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits inflammation and preserves the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"60","author":"Gadaleta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-13-0040","article-title":"Increased FGF21 plasma levels in humans with sepsis and SIRS","volume":"2","author":"Gariani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac102","article-title":"High prevalence of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease early in disease course","volume":"29","author":"Gold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0730-5","article-title":"The potential role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in lipid metabolism and hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.2981","article-title":"Calcium and phosphate metabolism in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"125","author":"Krela-Ka\u017amierczak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.005","article-title":"FGF19, FGF21, and an FGFR1\/\u03b2-klotho-activating antibody act on the nervous system to regulate body weight and glycemia","volume":"26","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092086","article-title":"FGF21 depletion attenuates colitis through intestinal epithelial IL-22-STAT3 activation in mice","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3089378","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3089378","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 deficiency attenuates experimental colitis-induced adipose tissue lipolysis","volume":"2017","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2478\/ahem-2022-0045","article-title":"Physiological and pathophysiological role of endocrine fibroblast growth factors","volume":"76","author":"\u0141ukawska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postep. Hig. Med. Dosw."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4692","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194692","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 and the adaptive response to nutritional challenges","volume":"20","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2016.04.016","article-title":"Common links between metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: current overview and future perspectives","volume":"68","author":"Michalak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.044826","article-title":"Adipose fibroblast growth factor 21 is up-regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and altered metabolic states","volume":"74","author":"Muise","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12409","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 controls mitophagy and muscle mass","volume":"10","author":"Oost","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwab006","article-title":"Nutritional global status and its impact in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Prieto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Can. Assoc. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6666.82","article-title":"Coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial","volume":"298","author":"Rachmilewitz","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000152","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults","volume":"114","author":"Rubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0003-9","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21: an overview from a clinical perspective","volume":"66","author":"Ryd\u00e9n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8646495","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8646495","article-title":"Nutrition and IBD: malnutrition and\/or sarcopenia? A practical guide","volume":"2017","author":"Scaldaferri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0148252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148252","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) protects against high fat diet induced inflammation and islet hyperplasia in pancreas","volume":"11","author":"Singhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-019-01037-y","article-title":"Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Szilagyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-201011001-01052","article-title":"Fgf-21 in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"68","author":"Tomasik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4138","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144138","article-title":"Bone metabolism alteration in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Tulewicz-Marti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051434","article-title":"Connecting the dots between inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome: a focus on gut-derived metabolites","volume":"12","author":"Verdugo-Meza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.01.009","article-title":"Activation of GR but not PXR by dexamethasone attenuated acetaminophen hepatotoxicities via Fgf21 induction","volume":"378","author":"Vispute","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0663-7","article-title":"FGF21 attenuates high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment via metabolic regulation and anti-inflammation of obese mice","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00222-7","article-title":"FGF\/FGFR signaling in health and disease","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220426","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1220426","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.I1.91","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1394030\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T04:48:36Z","timestamp":1719290916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1394030\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2024.1394030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1394030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"article-number":"1394030"}}