{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:56:29Z","timestamp":1792032989286,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012325","name":"Bergische Universit\u00e4t Wuppertal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletic training requires both challenging stimuli for adaptation and sufficient recovery for improved performance. While cold water immersion (CWI) is already a popular recovery method, handheld percussive massage (PM) devices have also gained popularity in recent years. This study aims to assess the effects of CWI and PM on performance recovery after strenuous eccentric exercises compared to a passive rest (PR) control condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four healthy physically active participants (9 females, 25 males) were randomly divided into three groups: CWI (n = 11), PM (n = 11), and passive rest (PR) (n = 12). They underwent an exhausting eccentric exercise protocol and different measurements at six time points (baseline, POST1, POST2, POST24, POST48, and POST72) over the time course of 72\u00a0h. These included subjective assessments of muscle soreness and perceived stiffness as well as measures of skin temperature, leg volume, creatine kinase activity, and three different jump tests. The eccentric exercise protocol consisted of 15\u00a0min downhill running (slope: 12%, speed: 10\u00a0km\/h) and 3 sets of successive depth jumps (dropping height: 0.5\u00a0m) until individual exhaustion. After POST1 measurements, participants received 12\u00a0min of either CWI (11 \u00b1 0.5\u00b0C), PM (40\u00a0Hz) or PR (supine posture).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant group effects were found for the number of depth jumps performed during the exhaustion protocol. All jump tests displayed a significant group \u00d7 time interaction effect. Post-hoc analysis indicated significant lower jump heights in \u0394POST2 between CWI and both PM and PR. No other significant group effects were observed at any time point. No significant group \u00d7 time interaction effects were noted for CK, leg volume, and soreness. The perceived stiffness showed a significant group \u00d7 time interaction effect. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in stiffness for PM compared to PR at \u0394POST2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neither CWI nor PM showed any significant improvement in performance recovery over the 72-h period following strenuous eccentric exercise compared to PR. CWI showed an immediate performance decline which may be attributed to a cold-related reduction in motor nerve conduction velocity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1432009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:40:36Z","timestamp":1727052036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of the effects of cold water immersion and percussive massage on the recovery after exhausting eccentric exercise: A three-armed randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Heinke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Javanmardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Rappelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schleip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel J.","family":"Knicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Freiwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Baumgart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31818837a1","article-title":"Effectiveness of sports massage for recovery of skeletal muscle from strenuous exercise","volume":"18","author":"Best","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. 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