{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:21:17Z","timestamp":1783660877702,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single bout of aerobic exercise is known to induce a temporary reduction in post-exercise blood pressure termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Meanwhile, an ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a series of short ischemia-reperfusion intervention, has also shown antihypertensive effects showing a potential nonpharmacologic intervention for hypertension. While the acute BP reduction effects of aerobic exercise and IPC are individually well-investigated, it remains unclear if combining both interventions has an additive effect on PEH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of twelve pre- or hypertensive men (six prehypertension, six stage 1 hypertension) underwent either 30 min of aerobic exercise at 50% VO<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> (CON) or IPC before exercise, in a counterbalanced order. IPC involved inflating cuffs on both thighs to 200 mmHg for 5 min, alternating between right and left thighs for three cycles, totaling 30 min. Brachial BP was measured during exercise and 1-h post-exercise recovery whereas muscle oxygen saturation (SmO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) from the rectus femoris was monitored using NIRs during exercise and recovery. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) together with a head-up tilt test (at 0 and 50\u00b0) were measured at the pre-test, post-test, and 24-h post-test. After the completion of each experiment, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was monitored to assess post-exercise hypotension within a 24-h window.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BP and heart rate responses during exercise and 1-h recovery did not differ between conditions while SmO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was significantly elevated during exercise in IPC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). There was no difference in HRV and supine BRS. However, significantly reduced titled BRS after exercise was found in CON while IPC preserved BRS similar to pre-exercise value, extending to 24-h post period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.047). ABP monitoring revealed a significant reduction in systolic BP during sleep in IPC compared to CON (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.046).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present findings suggest that IPC with a single session of aerobic exercise results in a notable decrease in systolic ABP, particularly during sleep, compared to aerobic exercise alone. This supplementary antihypertensive effect was associated with a sustained BRS, persisting up to 24 h in contrast to the significant decrease observed in CON. Future studies are warranted to investigate long-term adaptations to IPC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1495648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T06:12:35Z","timestamp":1730959955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of ischemic preconditioning combined with aerobic exercise on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in men with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Min-Hyeok","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704445","article-title":"The antiarrhythmic effects of ischaemic preconditioning in anaesthetized dogs are prevented by atropine; role of changes in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity","volume":"135","author":"Babai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. 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