{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:49:07Z","timestamp":1792453747692,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to systematically review the risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) were screened until December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control studies or cohort studies on the risk factors for MACE in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI. Data extraction and synthesis: The literature review, data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted by two independent researchers, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main outcome was that MACE occurred during the follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 40 articles were included. The meta-analysis erevealed that dyslipidemia (OR = 1.50; 95% CI [1.19, 1.89],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0007), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.70; 95% CI [1.43, 2.02],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.00001), hypertension (OR = 1.62; 95% CI [1.35, 1.96],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001), history of smoking (OR = 2.08; 95% CI [1.51, 2.85],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001), poorer ventricular function (OR = 2.39; 95% CI [2.17\u20132.64],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR = 1.86; 95% CI [1.71\u20132.03],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001), door to balloon (D-to-B) time (OR = 0.61; 95% CI [0.42\u20130.88];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) (OR = 1.41; 95% CI [1.17, 1.70],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0004), renal dysfunction (OR = 1.82; 95% CI [1.37, 2.43],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001), and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (OR = 0.41; 95% CI [0.37, 0.46],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001) were significantly associated with MACE after PCI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The independent risk factors of MACE after PCI are dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, Killip class &amp;gt; II, LVEF \u226440%, D-to-B time &amp;gt;90 min, TIMI flow grade \u2264 II, renal insufficiency, and multivessel disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1514585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T01:22:02Z","timestamp":1744161722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Systematic Review of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"You","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongcai","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.114.001885","article-title":"Risk of heart failure and death after prolonged smoking cessation: role of amount and duration of prior smoking","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. 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