{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:19:15Z","timestamp":1790363955417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":202,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Physical strength and endurance of an individual are vital for athletic performance, and minimizing the risk of injuries, especially during competitions. Other than training and diet, athletic performance is determined by genetic factors or heredity, which is less focused in sports science research. Genetic factors play a crucial role in greater cardiovascular endurance and muscular phenotypes, and thereby contribute to athletic success. Several genes and different polymorphisms are positively\/negatively associated with athletic performance. This review delved into the intricate role of several genes and polymorphisms in different-population groups, and explored their impact on an individual\u2019s ability to engage in athletic activities. Among several identified genes, the prominent genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>ACE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AGT<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>BDKRB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NOS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ACTN3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AMPD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PPARGC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and mtDNA are discussed in this study. These genes have been reported to play indispensable roles in endurance performance and power. Furthermore, genetic variations\/polymorphisms within these genes are potential to impact various aspects of physiology, including cardiovascular function, muscle fiber composition, and metabolic efficiency. Genetic polymorphisms are recognized as contributing factors in determining the athletic capacity to engage and perform sustained physical activities in their respective sports. We emphasized the noteworthy discoveries from the existing literature, and precisely explored the association between particular gene polymorphisms and athletic prowess, with a specific focus on endurance-oriented sports (running, cycling, and swimming) and power sports. Understanding the genetic variations and their influence on endurance\/power sports can offer valuable insights for athletes, coaches, and scientists in sports sciences, who strive to enhance athletic training strategies and performance outcomes in achieving success.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1568334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T01:28:38Z","timestamp":1750901318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Importance of selected genetic determinants on endurance performance and physical strength: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falguni","family":"Saraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishan Singh","family":"Rathore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinan","family":"Darkazanli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallikarjuna","family":"Korivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. V. K. S.","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-008-0291-3","article-title":"Effect of HIF1A gene polymorphism on human muscle performance","volume":"146","author":"Ahmetov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.060293","article-title":"The dependence of preferred competitive racing distance on muscle fibre type composition and ACTN3 genotype in speed skaters","volume":"96","author":"Ahmetov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"247","article-title":"Chapter six - current progress in sports genomics","volume-title":"Advances in clinical chemistry","author":"Ahmetov","year":"2015"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2014.928410","article-title":"SOD2 gene polymorphism and muscle damage markers in elite athletes","volume":"48","author":"Ahmetov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.22.4.292","article-title":"Gene polymorphisms and fiber-type composition of human skeletal muscle","volume":"22","author":"Ahmetov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. sport Nutr. Exerc. metabolism"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"852","article-title":"Association of PPARD gene polymorphism with human physical performance","volume":"41","author":"Akhmetov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3109\/10715760903494176","article-title":"Evaluation of gene polymorphisms in exercise-induced oxidative stress and damage","volume":"44","author":"Akimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"616","article-title":"The AGT gene M235T polymorphism and response of power-related variables to aerobic training","volume":"15","author":"Aleksandra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4963","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094963","article-title":"Regulation of energy substrate metabolism in endurance exercise","volume":"18","author":"Alghannam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56496-7","article-title":"Metabolic GWAS of elite athletes reveals novel genetically-influenced metabolites associated with athletic performance","volume":"9","author":"Al-Khelaifi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050660","article-title":"Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and athletic performance","volume":"82","author":"Alvarez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909303411404","article-title":"Exercise intolerance due to mutations in the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA","volume":"341","author":"Andreu","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2016.11.009","article-title":"Association of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with elite athletic status in Iranian population","volume":"11","author":"Arjmand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Meta Gene"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"23","article-title":"Characteristics of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in competitive swimmers and judo athletes","volume":"64","author":"Asai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Medica Nagasaki."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2015.12.003","article-title":"Moderate aerobic exercise increases SOD-2 gene expression and decreases leptin and malondialdehyde in middle-aged men","volume":"31","author":"Baghaiee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. and Sports"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"22","article-title":"Genetic influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on osteoporosis risk","volume":"14","author":"Banjabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci. (Qassim)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300278","article-title":"Potential use of gene transfer in athletic performance enhancement","volume":"15","author":"Baoutina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63852","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63852","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-Alpha (HIF-1\u03b1): an essential regulator in cellular metabolic control","volume":"16","author":"Basheeruddin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.158030","article-title":"Short-term treadmill running as a model for studying cell-free DNA kinetics in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Beiter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2013.838627","article-title":"Increased prevalence of MnSOD genetic polymorphism in endurance and power athletes","volume":"47","author":"Ben-Zaken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13041","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313041","article-title":"Genetic determinants of endurance: a narrative review on elite athlete status and performance","volume":"25","author":"B\u0131\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.29.5.1078","article-title":"Association of the angiotensinogen gene to serum angiotensinogen in blacks and whites","volume":"29","author":"Bloem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/s0083-6729(08)60645-7","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of angiotensinogen gene expression","volume":"57","author":"Brasier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(01)06273-0","article-title":"Bradykinin B2BKR receptor polymorphism and left-ventricular growth response","volume":"358","author":"Brull","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107106","article-title":"A pilot study of the role of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in response to exercise-augmented exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"167","author":"Bryant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3390\/app14020891","article-title":"The AMPD1 gene\u2019s rs17602729 polymorphism and athletic performance in track and field athletes","volume":"14","author":"Bulgay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00733-0","article-title":"The relationships between ACTN3 rs1815739 and PPARA-\u03b1 rs4253778 gene polymorphisms and athletic performance characteristics in professional soccer players","volume":"15","author":"Bulgay","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.17155\/omuspd.1205371","article-title":"Association of SOD2 polymorphism (Rs4880) and competitive performance in track and field athletes","volume":"14","author":"Bul\u011fay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spor ve Performans Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derg."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2007.06.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial haplogroup T is negatively associated with the status of elite endurance athlete","volume":"7","author":"Castro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2019.88752","article-title":"Meta-analyses of the association between the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism and athletic performance","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2024.02.005","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene rs925946 associates with Israeli females' obesity predisposition: an interaction between genetics, eating habits, and physical inactivity","volume":"125","author":"Chermon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2024.2404981","article-title":"Genotypic variations associated with changes in body mass in response to endurance training","volume":"96","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5604\/945117","article-title":"The HIF1A gene Pro582Ser polymorphism in Polish power-orientated athletes","volume":"28","author":"Cieszczyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. sport"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-011-0022-0","article-title":"Association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in Polish power-orientated athletes","volume":"28","author":"Ci\u0119szczyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202825","article-title":"The angiotensin converting enzyme gene I\/D polymorphism in Polish rowers","volume":"30","author":"Cieszczyk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. sports Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.623710","article-title":"Distribution of the AMPD1 C34T polymorphism in Polish power-oriented athletes","volume":"30","author":"Cieszczyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. sports Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.12060-2","article-title":"Polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE-I\/D) differentiates the aerobic and speed performance of football players","volume":"62","author":"Coelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.236.219","article-title":"FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer: a case-control study","volume":"236","author":"Cong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140030033008","article-title":"A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake: correlation between field and treadmill testing","volume":"203","author":"Cooper","year":"1968","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467211003010012","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a dynamic gatekeeper of neural plasticity","volume":"3","author":"Cowansage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60624-1","article-title":"Angiotensin I-converting enzyme: genotype and disease associations","volume":"2","author":"Crisan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Regulation of substrate metabolism and renin-angiotensin system with dietary and pharmacological interventions: implications for obesity and related disorders","author":"Da Eira","year":"2024"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56263-8","article-title":"Associations of ACE I\/D polymorphism with the levels of ACE, kallikrein, angiotensin II and interleukin-6 in STEMI patients","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00828-2","article-title":"Association between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I\/D), BDKRB2 (-9\/+9), and AGT (M268T) polymorphisms and performance phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers","volume":"16","author":"de Albuquerque-Neto","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2022.68.5.7","article-title":"Comparison of potential biomarker, ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism, for athletic performance of Turkish athletes","volume":"68","author":"Dogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01165.2009","article-title":"A common haplotype and the Pro582Ser polymorphism of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1A) gene in elite endurance athletes","volume":"108","author":"D\u00f6ring","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00341-7","article-title":"Maximal muscular power: lessons from sprint cycling","volume":"7","author":"Douglas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1059168","article-title":"The association of gene polymorphisms with athlete status in ukrainians","volume":"30","author":"Drozdovska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/v10131-009-0001-1","article-title":"Allelic polymorphism of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) association with exercise-induced hypoxia adaptation","volume":"1","author":"Drozdovska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Baltic J. Health Phys. Activity"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2324-9080.1000266","article-title":"Is AGT the new gene for muscle performance? An analysis of AGT, ACTN3, PPARA and IGF2 on athletic performance, muscle size and body fat percentage in caucasian resistance training males","volume":"2017","author":"Ellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Athl. Enhanc."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-024-00711-x","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between ACTN3 R577X genotypes and performance in endurance versus power athletes and non-athletes","volume":"10","author":"El Ouali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010098","article-title":"ACE I\/D genotype and risk of non-contact injury in Moroccan elite athletes: a pilot study","volume":"61","author":"El Ouali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.10.003","article-title":"Is the interaction between HIF1A P582S and ACTN3 R577X determinant for power\/sprint performance?","volume":"59","author":"Eynon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220731","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and Israeli top-level athletes","volume":"30","author":"Eynon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0059-4","article-title":"Genes for elite power and sprint performance: ACTN3 leads the way","volume":"43","author":"Eynon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306337","article-title":"The C allele in NOS3 -786 T\/C polymorphism is associated with elite soccer player's status","volume":"33","author":"Eynon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-013-1984-9","article-title":"Effect of AMPD1 gene polymorphism on muscle activity in humans","volume":"154","author":"Fedotovskaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"42","article-title":"The endothelium, part I: multiple functions of the endothelial cells--focus on endothelium-derived vasoactive mediators","volume-title":"Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology: from molecule to function","author":"F\u00e9l\u00e9tou","year":"2011"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-01001-5","article-title":"Influence of genetic polymorphism on sports talent performance versus non-athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00185.2007","article-title":"AMP deaminase deficiency is associated with lower sprint cycling performance in healthy subjects","volume":"103","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1126\/science.644316","article-title":"Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: a new disease of muscle","volume":"200","author":"Fishbein","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.16.9.4604","article-title":"Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1","volume":"16","author":"Forsythe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B64","volume-title":"Physiology, renin angiotensin system, StatPearls, StatPearls publishing copyright \u00a92025","author":"Fountain","year":"2025"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5890-2_13","article-title":"Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases","author":"Fridovich","year":"1981","journal-title":"Oxyg. Living Process. Interdiscip. Approach"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.27.933","article-title":"Relationship of bradykinin B2 receptor gene polymorphism with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"27","author":"Fu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31827f06ae","article-title":"The HIF1A gene Pro582Ser polymorphism in Russian strength athletes","volume":"27","author":"Gabbasov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-009-0773-9","article-title":"The multiple actions of NO","volume":"459","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000037676.54018.cb","article-title":"Regulation of parathyroid vitamin D receptor expression by extracellular calcium","volume":"13","author":"Garfia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1201051","article-title":"Association analysis of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms in two cohorts of European strength and power athletes","volume":"33","author":"Gineviciene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-15-58","article-title":"AMPD1 rs17602729 is associated with physical performance of sprint and power in elite Lithuanian athletes","volume":"15","author":"Ginevi\u010dien\u0117","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2478\/s11535-010-0102-5","article-title":"Gene variants related to the power performance of the Lithuanian athletes","volume":"6","author":"Ginevi\u010dien\u0117","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00183.2009","article-title":"Are elite endurance athletes genetically predisposed to lower disease risk?","volume":"41","author":"G\u00f3mez-Gallego","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1166-7","article-title":"The -786 T\/C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene is associated with elite performance in power sports","volume":"107","author":"G\u00f3mez-Gallego","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1139\/H09-108","article-title":"The C allele of the AGT Met235Thr polymorphism is associated with power sports performance","volume":"34","author":"Gomez-Gallego","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1096047","article-title":"Bdkrb2 gene -9\/+9 polymorphism and swimming performance","volume":"31","author":"Grenda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. sport"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-8966(02)00008-1","article-title":"A G468-T AMPD1 mutant allele contributes to the high incidence of myoadenylate deaminase deficiency in the Caucasian population","volume":"12","author":"Gross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003756","article-title":"The BDNF-increasing allele is associated with increased proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers, handgrip strength, and power athlete status","volume":"36","author":"Guilherme","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2021.1919204","article-title":"Androgen receptor gene microsatellite polymorphism is associated with muscle mass and strength in bodybuilders and power athlete status","volume":"48","author":"Guilherme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283659087","article-title":"Genetic influence on athletic performance","volume":"25","author":"Guth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2195737","article-title":"The PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism is associated with elite long-distance running performance","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.05.010","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-Mediated actions of 1\u03b1,25(OH)\u2082vitamin D\u2083: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms","volume":"25","author":"Haussler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. and Res. Clin. Endocrinol. and Metabolism"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101028","article-title":"Inducible deletion of skeletal muscle AMPK\u03b1 reveals that AMPK is required for nucleotide balance but dispensable for muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation during exercise","volume":"40","author":"Hingst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.2.385","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor genotypes influence quadriceps strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"87","author":"Hopkinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11602","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111602","article-title":"Dopamine in sports: a narrative review on the genetic and epigenetic factors shaping personality and athletic performance","volume":"25","author":"Humi\u0144ska-Lisowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9732","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159732","article-title":"Associations of brain-derived neurotropic factor rs6265 gene polymorphism with personality dimensions among athletes","volume":"19","author":"Humi\u0144ska-Lisowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.5808\/GI.2019.17.1.e11","article-title":"Association of mitochondrial haplogroup F with physical performance in Korean population","volume":"17","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genomics and Inf."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119343","article-title":"A nucleotide substitution in the promoter of human angiotensinogen is associated with essential hypertension and affects basal transcription in vitro","volume":"99","author":"Inoue","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99010021","DOI":"10.14440\/jbm.2024.0013","article-title":"Genetic insights into endurance athlete status: a meta-analysis of ACVR1B, AGT, FTO, IL-6, and NRF2 gene polymorphisms","volume":"11","author":"\u0130peko\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Methods"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/169262","article-title":"The role of AGT, AMPD1, HIF1\u03b1, IL-6 gene polymorphisms in the athletes' power status: a meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Ipekoglu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90275-h","article-title":"Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen","volume":"71","author":"Jeunemaitre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-015-0380-4","article-title":"Is there a relationship between PPARD T294C\/PPARGC1A Gly482Ser variations and physical endurance performance in the Korean population?","volume":"38","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Genomics"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/s1357-2725(02)00342-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle RAS and exercise performance","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02202-9","article-title":"Association between the c.34C > T (rs17602729) polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene and the status of endurance and power athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Kartibou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3183","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1 and HIF2\u03b1: sibling rivalry in hypoxic tumour growth and progression","volume":"12","author":"Keith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/s0303-7207(01)00406-3","article-title":"Functionally relevant polymorphisms in the human nuclear vitamin D receptor gene","volume":"177","author":"Kerr Whitfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07383-x","article-title":"Association of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and K with low response in exercise training among Finnish military conscripts","volume":"22","author":"Kiiskil\u00e4","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13010025","article-title":"Genes and weightlifting performance","volume":"13","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.5717\/jenb.2014.18.4.347","article-title":"The ACTN3 R577X variant in sprint and strength performance","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exerc Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1285866","article-title":"MtDNA haplogroups and elite Korean athlete status","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1437","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.5.R1437","article-title":"Physiological elevation in plasma angiotensinogen increases blood pressure","volume":"281","author":"Klett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory, Integr. Comp. Physiology"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11050558","article-title":"AMPD1 C34T polymorphism (rs17602729) is not associated with post-exercise changes of body weight, body composition, and biochemical parameters in caucasian females","volume":"11","author":"Leo\u0144ska-Duniec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123007","article-title":"A genome-wide association study reveals a BDNF-centered molecular network associated with alcohol dependence and related clinical measures","volume":"10","author":"Levchenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2023-0224","article-title":"Mitochondrial genome editing: strategies, challenges, and applications","volume":"57","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-6749(97)70310-5","article-title":"Analysis of an exon 1 polymorphism of the B2 bradykinin receptor gene and its transcript in normal subjects and patients with C1 inhibitor deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Lung","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1512","article-title":"Structure and chromosomal localization of the gene (BDKRB2) encoding human bradykinin B2 receptor","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-1261-8","article-title":"Genes and human elite athletic performance","volume":"116","author":"MacArthur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Humen Gen."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.623709","article-title":"The PPARGC1A gene Gly482Ser in Polish and Russian athletes","volume":"30","author":"Maciejewska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0053","article-title":"Genetic markers associated with power athlete status","volume":"68","author":"Maciejewska-Skrendo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2017.1823","article-title":"Angiotensinogen (AGT) gene missense polymorphisms (rs699 and rs4762) and diabetic nephropathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Makuc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17478","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(19)85359-0","article-title":"Structure and chromosomal localization of the human constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene","volume":"268","author":"Marsden","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2009.11.005","article-title":"Human mitochondrial haplogroup H: the highest VO2max consumer \u2013 is it a paradox?","volume":"10","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Redondo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12012","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA variation is associated with elite athletic status in the Polish population","volume":"24","author":"Maruszak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154812","article-title":"Polymorphism eNOS Glu298Asp modulates the inflammatory response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"125","author":"Maurer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-080508-141248","article-title":"Vitamin D gene pathway polymorphisms and risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer","volume":"29","author":"McCullough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112016","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants: relationship of FokI genotypes with VDR expression and clinical disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"13","author":"Meza-Meza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31820238aa","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme\/vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting athletic performances of Italian young soccer players","volume":"25","author":"Micheli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2013.102","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of common and rare mitochondrial DNA variants in elite Japanese athletes: a case\u2013control study","volume":"58","author":"Mikami","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.072371","article-title":"Mitochondrial haplogroups associated with elite Japanese athlete status","volume":"45","author":"Mikami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/30374","article-title":"Human gene for physical performance","volume":"393","author":"Montgomery","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6457","article-title":"Molecular basis of AMP deaminase deficiency in skeletal muscle","volume":"89","author":"Morisaki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2014.079335","article-title":"AGTR2 gene polymorphism is associated with muscle fibre composition, athletic status and aerobic performance","volume":"99","author":"Mustafina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.4.1313","article-title":"Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance","volume":"87","author":"Myerson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiology"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17461390200072203","article-title":"Contribution of vitamin D receptor genotypes to bone mineral density in young Male athletes with different impact loading","volume":"2","author":"Nakamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200711","article-title":"The angiotensin converting enzyme I\/D polymorphism in Russian athletes","volume":"9","author":"Nazarov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/373109a0","article-title":"Exercise and brain neurotrophins","volume":"373","author":"Neeper","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201438","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and ACTN3 genotypes in Finnish elite endurance and sprint athletes","volume":"13","author":"Niemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.08.002","article-title":"Are mitochondrial haplogroups associated with elite athletic status? A study on a Spanish cohort","volume":"11","author":"Nogales-Gadea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0683-0","article-title":"The effect of AMPD1 genotype on blood flow response to sprint exercise","volume":"103","author":"Norman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur. J. Appl. physiology"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.1.258","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle ATP catabolism by AMPD1 genotype during sprint exercise in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"91","author":"Norman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040848","article-title":"The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor as an essential mediator in neuronal functions and the therapeutic potential of its mimetics for neuroprotection in neurologic and psychiatric disorders","volume":"30","author":"Numakawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.09.061","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: from biochemistry and gene structure to clinical implications of NOS3 polymorphisms","volume":"575","author":"Oliveira-Paula","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.14198\/jhse.2022.173.14","article-title":"Evaluation of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I\/D polymorphisms in young Colombian athletes: an exploratory research","volume":"17","author":"Ortiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hum. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-19045-2.00008-8","article-title":"Chapter 15 - using genetics for enhancement (liberal eugenics)","volume-title":"Clinical ethics at the crossroads of genetic and reproductive technologies","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2023"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048561","article-title":"Role of exercise-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in the regulation of energy homeostasis in mammals","volume":"94","author":"Pedersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010162","article-title":"Association of elite sports status with gene variants of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and their transcriptional coactivator","volume":"21","author":"Petr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.105333","article-title":"Speed and power-related gene polymorphisms associated with playing position in elite soccer players","volume":"39","author":"Petr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200012","article-title":"Vitamin D and muscle function","volume":"13","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.01080","article-title":"ACTN3: more than just a gene for speed","volume":"8","author":"Pickering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiology"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2109-7","article-title":"The ACTN3 genotype in soccer players in response to acute eccentric training","volume":"112","author":"Pimenta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12992","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612992","article-title":"Mitochondrial genome variation in Polish elite athletes","volume":"24","author":"Piotrowska-Nowak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10175","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating the expression, self-maintenance, and signaling-function of the bradykinin B2 and B1 receptors","volume":"193","author":"Prado","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2165\/11593200-000000000-00000","article-title":"Genetic influences in sport and physical performance","volume":"41","author":"Puthucheary","year":"","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2165\/11588720-000000000-00000","article-title":"The ACE gene and human performance: 12 years on","volume":"41","author":"Puthucheary","year":"","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2005.030197","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor FokI genotype influences bone mineral density response to strength training, but not aerobic training","volume":"90","author":"Rabon\u2010Stith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H368","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.1.H368","article-title":"AGT M235T and ACE ID polymorphisms and exercise blood pressure in the HERITAGE family study","volume":"279","author":"Rankinen","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00429.x","article-title":"Body fat, resting and exercise blood pressure and the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism: the heritage family study","volume":"7","author":"Rankinen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d86cec","article-title":"Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics","volume":"42","author":"Rankinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1571","article-title":"No association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status","volume":"88","author":"Rankinen","year":"","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiology"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.028","article-title":"Vitamin D: a magic bullet or a myth?","volume":"39","author":"Reijven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9915","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07539-2","article-title":"A comprehensive review on current understanding of bradykinin in COVID-19 and inflammatory diseases","volume":"49","author":"Rex","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16051","article-title":"Angiotensin deficient FVB\/N mice are normotensive","volume":"180","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071844","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase administration: a review of proposed human uses","volume":"26","author":"Rosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01371.2004","article-title":"Frequency of the C34T mutation of the AMPD1 gene in world-class endurance athletes: does this mutation impair performance?","volume":"98","author":"Rubio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271212","article-title":"The ageing neuromuscular system and sarcopenia: a mitochondrial perspective","volume":"594","author":"Rygiel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111265","article-title":"Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency. Functional and metabolic abnormalities associated with disruption of the purine nucleotide cycle","volume":"73","author":"Sabina","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl240","article-title":"Dipsogenic genes associated with weight changes during ironman triathlons","volume":"15","author":"Saunders","year":"","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl014","article-title":"The bradykinin beta 2 receptor (BDKRB2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) genes and endurance performance during ironman triathlons","volume":"15","author":"Saunders","year":"","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3378\/027.085.0511","article-title":"The -9\/+9 polymorphism of the bradykinin receptor beta 2 gene and athlete status: a study involving two European cohorts","volume":"85","author":"Sawczuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Biol."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200852","article-title":"Increased frequency of the homozygous II ACE genotype in Italian olympic endurance athletes","volume":"10","author":"Scanavini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818313a2","article-title":"Mitochondrial haplogroups associated with elite Kenyan athlete status","volume":"41","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14061235","article-title":"Genes and athletic performance: the 2023 update","volume":"14","author":"Semenova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.021","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors in physiology and medicine","volume":"148","author":"Semenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67691","article-title":"ACTN3 genotype influences muscle performance through the regulation of calcineurin signaling","volume":"123","author":"Seto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12121291","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism in angiotensinogen and its association with cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Shahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.143242","article-title":"Evaluation of ACE gene I\/D polymorphism in Iranian elite athletes","volume":"3","author":"Shahmoradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1265176","article-title":"Association between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and female endurance athletes in China","volume":"31","author":"Shang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00982-8","article-title":"Function and structure of bradykinin receptor 2 for drug discovery","volume":"44","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0717","article-title":"BDNF polymorphism: a review of its diagnostic and clinical relevance in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1394","article-title":"Structural dimorphism in the mitochondrial targeting sequence in the human manganese superoxide dismutase gene: a predictive evidence for conformational change to influence mitochondrial transport and a study of allelic association in parkinson's disease","volume":"226","author":"Shimoda-Matsubayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0307268","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307268","article-title":"Association of bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) variants with physical performance and muscle mass: findings from the LACE sarcopenia trial","volume":"19","author":"Shrestha","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.11.7649409","article-title":"Genetic determinism of fiber type proportion in human skeletal muscle","volume":"9","author":"Simoneau","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B174","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms affecting mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription","author":"Singh","year":"2023"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153832","article-title":"A narrative role of vitamin D and its receptor: with current evidence on the gastric tissues","volume":"20","author":"Sirajudeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v16.i4.181","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in myocardial infarction","volume":"16","author":"\u0160krlec","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B177","volume-title":"Textbook of Pharmacology-II","author":"Sutar","year":"2024"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.07.005","article-title":"Preliminary report: mitochondrial DNA 5178 polymorphism in Male elite Japanese endurance runners","volume":"59","author":"Tamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgg132","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha polymorphisms associated with enhanced transactivation capacity, implying clinical significance","volume":"24","author":"Tanimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200207000-00008","article-title":"Effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms on platelet function, nitric oxide release, and interactions with estradiol","volume":"12","author":"Tanus-Santos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1606","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34947","article-title":"Vitamin D status and VDR gene polymorphisms in patients with growth hormone deficiency: a case control Tunisian study","volume":"10","author":"Tombari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.34297\/AJBSR.2022.15.002087","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the cardiovascular system: in physiology and in disease states","volume":"15","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3453-6","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b1 and PPARGC1A gene variants have strong effects on aerobic performance of Turkish elite endurance athletes","volume":"41","author":"Tural","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15121631","article-title":"Role of the PPARGC1A gene and its rs8192678 polymorphism on sport performance, aerobic capacity, muscle adaptation and metabolic diseases: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Varillas-Delgado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12081230","article-title":"Genetic profile in genes associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in elite Spanish Male endurance athletes","volume":"12","author":"Varillas-Delgado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800254-4.00015-5","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular disease","volume":"96","author":"Vecoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14091691","article-title":"Vitamin D: an overview of gene regulation, ranging from metabolism to genomic effects","volume":"14","author":"Voltan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091677","article-title":"Gene polymorphism and total genetic score in martial arts athletes with different athletic qualifications","volume":"13","author":"Vostrikova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e384","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.194","article-title":"Muscle fatigue: general understanding and treatment","volume":"49","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2025.147015","article-title":"Multi-phase, multi-ethnic GWAS uncovers putative loci in predisposition to elite sprint and power performance, health and disease","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01165-1","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses of physical activity and sedentary behavior provide insights into underlying mechanisms and roles in disease prevention","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-021-00177-3","article-title":"The ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms in female soccer athletes","volume":"43","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Environ."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00865.2003","article-title":"Bradykinin receptor gene variant and human physical performance","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.01.003","article-title":"Functional regulation of alu element of human angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in neuron cells","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080476","article-title":"A common variant of the eNOS gene (E298D) is an independent risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy in human essential hypertension","volume":"117","author":"Xin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1086\/377590","article-title":"ACTN3 genotype is associated with human elite athletic performance","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0897-391","article-title":"Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning","volume":"16","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11091012","article-title":"PPARGC1A rs8192678 and NRF1 rs6949152 polymorphisms are associated with muscle fiber composition in women","volume":"11","author":"Yvert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102575","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and exercise: implications for health and injuries in sports","volume":"10","author":"Zanini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828155b5","article-title":"Association of rs699 (M235T) polymorphism in the AGT gene with power but not endurance athlete status","volume":"27","author":"Zarebska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Strength and Cond. Res."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549412","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/549412","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 in physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis: applications and therapies","volume":"2015","author":"Zimna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001145","article-title":"Effect of BDKRB2 gene -9\/+9 polymorphism on training improvements in competitive swimmers","volume":"30","author":"Zmijewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1568334\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T01:28:41Z","timestamp":1750901321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1568334\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"references-count":202,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2025.1568334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1568334","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"article-number":"1568334"}}