{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T15:39:59Z","timestamp":1784993999289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding how distinct brain regions of <jats:italic>Leiocassis longirostris<\/jats:italic> molecularly adapt to heat stress is vital for improving aquaculture sustainability and guiding conservation strategies in a warming climate. To elucidate the region-specific molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress responses in the brain of <jats:italic>L. longirostris<\/jats:italic>, we exposed L. longirostris to acute heat stress (32\u00b0C) for 24 h and performed RNA-seq and WGCNA on five brain regions (OB: olfactory bulb, FB: pituitary, hypothalamus, forebrain, MB: mesencephalon, CB: cerebellum, and SC: spinal cord). The results showed that, after heat stress, the FB region significantly activated the ER stress pathway, and the abnormal proteins were synergically cleared by HSP-mediated UPR (such as Hsp70, Hsp90, IRE1\u03b1, Perk, ATF6) and UPS-mediated ERAD (such as UBE2, UBE3, TRIM63). Meanwhile, the SC region showed marked downregulation of lipid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway, suggesting energy conservation as a compensatory strategy. WGCNA further highlighted the FB as the hub for ER stress and the SC for metabolic suppression. In conclusion, our study suggests that distinct brain regions of <jats:italic>L. longirostris<\/jats:italic> adopt different strategies under heat stress, in which the FB region mediates protein quality control and the SC region drives metabolic inhibition. These findings highlight the adaptation strategies of the <jats:italic>L. longirostris<\/jats:italic> brain to heat stress and provides a potential target for improving its survival under global warming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1579499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T04:10:10Z","timestamp":1747109410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RNA-seq revealed the effects of heat stress on different brain regions of Leiocassis longirostris"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Senyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanliang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyan","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14599","article-title":"Temperature increase and its effects on fish stress physiology in the context of global warming","volume":"98","author":"Alfonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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