{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:40:02Z","timestamp":1784547602646,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprint interval training (SIT), characterized by its \u201call-out\u201d maximal-intensity efforts, elicits substantial energy output in a short duration, demonstrating superior anaerobic performance. This study compared the acute effects of different SIT protocols to identify the optimal training combination for enhancing anaerobic capacity in 200-m sprinters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve male 200-m sprinters performed SIT sessions in a 2 (sprint duration: 20s, 30s) \u00d7 3 (load: 7.5%, 9%, 10% body mass (BM)) \u00d7 4 (repetitions) design with 4-min inter-set rest, assessed via anaerobic power, electromyography (EMG), and blood lactate measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) Duration and load significantly affected peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and fatigue index (FI) (P &amp;lt; 0.05); (2) Sprint duration significantly influenced lower-limb integrated EMG (IEMG) and median frequency (MPF) (P &amp;lt; 0.05), with no notable interaction effects; (3) Both duration and load significantly modulated muscle activation (RMS%) in the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not in the gastrocnemius; (4) Duration significantly increased maximal blood lactate, accumulated lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas load had no independent effect; (5) The interaction between duration and load exhibited highly significant effects on anaerobic performance (P &amp;lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high-intensity SIT protocol comprising 4 \u00d7 20s all-out sprints at 10%BM load with 4-min rest intervals optimally enhances 200-m sprinters\u2019 anaerobic capacity through multidimensional physiological stimuli, providing an effective training strategy for performance optimization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1672978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:11:25Z","timestamp":1757585485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study of different acute SIT protocols\u2019 impact on 200m sprinters\u2019 anaerobic performance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juntao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821f59ab","article-title":"Central and peripheral fatigue: interaction during cycling exercise in humans","volume":"43","author":"Amann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705072","article-title":"Physiological responses to maximal intensity intermittent exercise","volume":"65","author":"Balsom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198704060-00001","article-title":"The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity","volume":"4","author":"Bar-Or","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.545427","article-title":"High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence","volume":"29","author":"Bartlett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0622-4","article-title":"How anaerobic is the wingate anaerobic test for humans?","volume":"87","author":"Beneke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.26582\/k.50.2.13","article-title":"Shorter sprints elicit greater cardiorespiratory and mechanical responses with less fatigue during time-matched sprint interval training (SIT) sessions","volume":"50","author":"Ben\u00edtez-Flores","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.849000","article-title":"Lower limb joint kinetics during the first stance phase in athletics sprinting: three elite athlete case studies","volume":"32","author":"Bezodis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-015-0254-9","article-title":"High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: a big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head?","volume":"12","author":"Biddle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Periodization training for sports, 3E","author":"Bompa","year":"2015"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x","article-title":"High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis","volume":"43","author":"Buchheit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01095.2004","article-title":"Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans","volume":"98","author":"Burgomaster","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2811-8","article-title":"Maximal strength, power, and aerobic endurance adaptations to concurrent strength and sprint interval training","volume":"114","author":"Cantrell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioralsci-ences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0633-7","article-title":"Training to fatigue: the answer for standardization when assessing muscle hypertrophy?","volume":"47","author":"Dankel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0251-4","article-title":"The Wingate anaerobic test's past and future and the compatibility of mechanically versus electro-magnetically braked cycle-ergometers","volume":"98","author":"Dotan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"415","article-title":"Electromyographic temporal analysis of gait: normal human locomotion","volume":"57","author":"Dubo","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3359-1","article-title":"Acute effects of exercise under different levels of blood-flow re-striction on muscle activation and fatigue","volume":"116","author":"Fatela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the wingate test performance","volume":"11","author":"Franco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Research on the effects of sports shoes and tight-fitting equipment on impact force, soft tissue vibration and muscle activity","author":"Fu","year":"2011"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.224725","article-title":"Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease","volume":"590","author":"Gibala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111489","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111489","article-title":"Three minutes of all-out intermittent exercise per week increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improves cardiometabolic health","volume":"9","author":"Gillen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0154075","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154075","article-title":"Twelve weeks of sprint interval training improves indices of cardiometabolic health similar to traditional endurance training despite a five-fold lower exercise volume and time commitment","volume":"11","author":"Gillen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2020.1850370","article-title":"Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on measures of wingate test performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Grgic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Nutr. Assoc."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"375","article-title":"Hemodynamic and lactic Acid responses to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise","volume":"5","author":"G\u00fcltekin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.16156\/j.1004-7220.2025.03.006","article-title":"Electromyographic characteristics of Tomoa skip Technique, an outstanding male speed climber","volume":"40","author":"Guopeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Biomech."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01505","article-title":"Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population","volume":"5","author":"Hardcastle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0251-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise","volume":"2","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1474-y","article-title":"10 or 30-s sprint interval training bouts enhance both aerobic and anaerobic performance","volume":"110","author":"Hazell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.3.560","article-title":"Functional significance of cell size in spinal motoneurons","volume":"28","author":"Henneman","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.15930\/j.carolcarrollnkiWTXB.20200323.011","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on subjective load intensity and emotional experience","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wuhan sports Coll. J."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003406","article-title":"Heavy-Severe-and extreme-but not moderate-intensity exercise increase V\u0307o 2max and thresholds after 6 wk of training","volume":"56","author":"Inglis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"Clinical application of surface electromyography diagnostic technology","author":"Jianhua","year":"2015"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(18)30242-0","article-title":"Surface EMG and fatigue","volume":"9","author":"Jurell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000868","article-title":"High-intensity cycling training: the effect of work-to-rest intervals on running performance measures","volume":"29","author":"Kavaliauskas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158589","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158589","article-title":"Comparison of high-intensity interval training and moderate-to-vigorous continuous training for cardiometabolic health and exercise enjoyment in obese young women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318043a235","article-title":"Effect of pedaling technique on mechanical effectiveness and efficiency in cyclists","volume":"39","author":"Korff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000128246.20242.8b","article-title":"Slow-twitch fiber glycogen depletion elevates moderate-exercise fast-twitch fiber activity and O2 uptake","volume":"36","author":"Krustrup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.16470\/j.carolcarrollSST.2019183","article-title":"Sprint interval training research progress","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chin. sports Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05249-6","article-title":"Neuromuscular and autonomic function is fully recovered within 24 h following a sprint interval training session","volume":"123","author":"Lloria-Varella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B41","first-page":"5152","article-title":"The influence of vibration combined with weight-bearing stimulation on the root mean square amplitude of lower extremity surface electromyography: a half-squat and heel raise exercise based on Four types of stimulation","volume":"21","author":"Loris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2014-0212","article-title":"Affective and enjoyment responses to high-intensity interval training in overweight-to-obese and insufficiently active adults","volume":"37","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc Psychol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/186074","article-title":"Changes of anaerobic power and lactate concentration following intense glycolytic efforts in elite and sub-elite 400-meter sprinters","volume":"91","author":"Mastalerz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2017-0595","article-title":"Modified sprint interval training protocols: physi-ological and psychological responses to 4 weeks of training","volume":"43","author":"McKie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2021.102565","article-title":"Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: terminology matrix","volume":"59","author":"McManus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.07.017","article-title":"Reproducibility of a 6-s maximal cycling sprint test","volume":"10","author":"Mendez-Villanueva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3980-2","article-title":"Extremely short duration interval exercise improves 24-h glycaemia in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"118","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815555","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.815555","article-title":"Affecting effects on affect: the impact of protocol permutations on affective responses to sprint interval exercise; A systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled individual participant data","volume":"4","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1975.40.2.563","article-title":"Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion during physical conditioning of older individuals using leg-weight loading","volume":"40","author":"Pandolf","year":"1975","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Ski."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevbiomedeng.v38.i5.20","article-title":"Intramuscular EMG signal decomposition","volume":"38","author":"Parsaei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(72)90058-2","article-title":"Discharge frequency and discharge pattern of human motor units during voluntary contraction of muscle","volume":"32","author":"Person","year":"1972","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2016.10.001","article-title":"An examination of respiratory and metabolic demands of alpine skiing","volume":"14","author":"Polat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exerc Sci. Fit."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089808","article-title":"An examination of motor unit firing rates during steady torque of maximal efforts with either an explosive or slower rate of torque development","volume":"106","author":"Reece","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B55","article-title":"Standards for surface electromyography: the European project Surface EMG for non-invasive assessment of muscles (SENIAM)","volume":"10","author":"Stegeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Roessingh Res. Dev."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.13830\/j.carolcarrollnki\/g8.2018.01.020cn44-1129","article-title":"High intensity intermittent training on different types of the regulation of metabolism and distribution of muscle fiber","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. guangzhou sports Coll. J."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05291-4","article-title":"Subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation can maintain Wingate test performance but augment blood lactate accumulation","volume":"124","author":"Takeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2017.01.014","article-title":"Effects of foot rotation positions on knee valgus during single-leg drop landing: implications for ACL injury risk reduction","volume":"24","author":"Teng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0479","article-title":"Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II. Psychological responses","volume":"42","author":"Townsend","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1519\/R-14843.1","article-title":"The acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump performance in trained women","volume":"19","author":"Unick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100508","article-title":"Surface EMG shows distinct populations of muscle activity when measured during sustained sub-maximal exercise","volume":"86","author":"Wakeling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B62","first-page":"56","article-title":"Research progress of sEMG signal analysis and its applications","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Sci."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"452","article-title":"Evaluation of electromyographic frequency domain changes during a three-minute maximal effort cycling test","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001042","article-title":"Dissimilar physiological and perceptual responses Be-tween sprint interval training and high-intensity interval training","volume":"30","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B65","first-page":"122","article-title":"Characteristics of sEMG changes in the quadriceps femoris of the lower extremities during Wingate anaerobic work test","volume":"32","author":"Xiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhejiang J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003420","article-title":"Physiological and metabolic responses to low-volume sprint interval exercises: influence of sprint duration and repetitions","volume":"56","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B67","volume-title":"Research on the physiological characteristics and energy metabolism features of sprinting interval training wuhan sports institute","author":"Yin","year":"2023"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"78","article-title":"Research on the physiological characteristics and energy metabolism features of sprint interval training","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fujian Sports Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B69","volume-title":"Theory and method of physical training for sprinters","author":"Yuan","year":"2006"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"40","article-title":"Dynamic changes of surface electromyographic integral of biceps brachii during isometric con-traction","author":"Zhou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zhejiang Sports Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1672978\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:11:32Z","timestamp":1757585492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1672978\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2025.1672978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1672978","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"article-number":"1672978"}}