{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T05:27:00Z","timestamp":1764912420820,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n The maximal rate of oxygen uptake (\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n max) has an early history (1920\u20131961) based on discontinuous incremental exercise protocols. Regardless, debate continues on many sub-topics and methodologies involved in this measure. There could be lessons to learn about the relevance, or not, of content within the accumulating knowledge of this topic if there is a detailed account of the research of this time-period.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Manuscript references were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar for the targeted topics and time-period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In 1923 and 1924, Hill proposed that during discontinuous incremental exercise bouts, there is eventually a levelling in\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n despite increasing exercise intensity or sustained effort. Subsequent researchers in the 1950\u2019s described this \u2018levelling in\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n \u2019 observation as a plateau, which functioned to verify\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n max. However, when critiquing the data from studies with valid methodology, evidence of a\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n plateau at or near\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n max was only seen in a subset of participants in 1924 (2 of 7), with added evidence in 1959 (2 of 4) and 1961 (4 of 5). Collectively, 50% of the subjects were unable to attain a\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n plateau response at\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n max.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Despite major limitations to the published research and data interpretations prior to 1961, such work led to the incorrect (not evidence-based) expectation that all participants should demonstrate a\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n plateau at or near\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n max. The inter-connectedness of\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n max and the\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mml:mi>\n \u02d9<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n plateau concepts thereby became engrained into the pre-1970s, and perhaps later, epistemology of exercise physiology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1688750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T05:13:52Z","timestamp":1764911632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lessons from history for V\u02d9O2max and the V\u02d9O2 plateau, part 1, 1920 \u2013 1961: original concepts were based on discontinuous exercise protocols"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Robergs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridgette","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig Ryan","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praneel","family":"Titheradge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien S.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Astorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Nalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.5.1810","article-title":"Oxygen cost of exercise hyperpnea: measurement","volume":"72","author":"Aaron","year":"","journal-title":"J. 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