{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:02:48Z","timestamp":1779296568571,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee dislocation is an uncommon but limb-threatening injury that often arises during athletic activities and can result in neurovascular compromise, multi-ligament disruption, and long-term disability. However, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework does not include a specific sports-injury category, so the contribution of athletic-type mechanisms to the global burden of knee dislocation in young adults remains unclear. We, therefore, used GBD 2021 data to estimate the young-adult component of the global burden of knee dislocation from 1990 to 2021, describe long-term trends, and compare a proxy for athletic-type mechanisms with other external causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a secondary analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021 estimates for knee dislocation, extracting annual incidence and prevalence for adults aged 20\u201340 years between 1990 and 2021 by sex. A proxy for athletic-type mechanisms was defined as cases assigned to the external-cause categories \u201cfalls\u201d and \u201cother exposure to mechanical forces\u201d and was compared with transport injuries and all other external causes. We calculated population age-standardized rates per 100,000 populations with 95% uncertainty intervals and summarized temporal patterns using average annual percentage change derived from log-linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Absolute incidence counts increased for all causes (1023103\u21921084122; +5.96%) and the athletic proxy (577923\u2192675111; +16.82%), increasing the proxy\u2019s share of 20\u201340 incidence from 56.49% to 62.27%. Population-weighted incidence rates decreased for all causes (61.18\u219246.12 per 100000; \u221224.62%, APC \u22120.94%) and the proxy (34.56\u219228.72; \u221216.90%, APC \u22120.74%). Prevalence rates also decreased (all causes 11.20\u21928.59; proxy 6.12\u21925.08), while prevalence counts increased (all causes 187256\u2192202052; proxy 102281\u2192119503). In 2021, proxy rates were higher in male individuals than in female individuals (incidence 36.49 vs. 20.76; prevalence 6.06 vs. 4.08 per 100,000). Within the proxy, falls increased from 76.58% to 81.12% of incident cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adults carry a large global burden of knee dislocation, consistent with athletic trauma. Despite increasing counts, population-weighted rates fell steadily from 1990 to 2021; male individuals remain at higher risks, and falls dominate the proxy mechanism. The proxy approach offers a reproducible way to monitor athletic-type knee dislocations where sports-injury labels are absent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1692607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:33:40Z","timestamp":1767681220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global burden of athletic-type knee dislocation in young adults: a GBD 2021 proxy-based analysis, 1990\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tariq","family":"Alkhatatbeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alkhatatbeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijie","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3373-0","article-title":"The changing demographics of knee dislocation: a retrospective database review","volume":"472","author":"Arom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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