{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:15:12Z","timestamp":1771557312538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetically diverse UM-HET3 (HET3) mice have emerged as a more robust model of human large artery dysfunction than the commonly used inbred C57BL\/6J (C57) mice. However, HET3 resistance artery function has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine HET3 versus C57 mesenteric resistance artery agonist-induced vasomotor responses to phenylephrine (PE) and acetylcholine (ACh), PE-induced myoendothelial feedback (endothelium-dependent feedback dilation to PE-induced vasoconstriction) and its underlying mechanisms, and eNOS (an enzyme involved in endothelium-dependent dilation) expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vasomotor responses, mechanisms, and eNOS protein expression would be similar between HET3 and C57 mesenteric resistance arteries of both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First- and second-order mesenteric arteries from male and female (8\u201318 weeks old) HET3 and C57 mice were isolated and cannulated for pressure myography. The luminal diameter was measured (in a group-blinded manner) during cumulative addition of PE [10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u201310\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      M] and then ACh [10\n                      <jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u201310\n                      <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                      M]. In separate arteries, myoendothelial feedback was measured by diameter responses (constriction followed by endothelium-dependent feedback dilation) to 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      M PE over 20 min, \u00b1 nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition (10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      M L-NAME) and \u00b1 hyperpolarization inhibition with 35 mM KCl to assess myoendothelial feedback mechanisms. eNOS protein expression was measured by Western blot.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arteries from all groups were similar in size (group mean range: 213\u2013218 \u00b5m) and exhibited negligible basal tone (group mean range: 1%\u20134% constriction). PE-induced peak vasoconstriction (range: 71.0%\u201373.8% constriction; n = 11\u201312) and EC-50\u2019s (range: 1.03\u20131.54 \u00b5M) were similar between groups. ACh-induced peak vasodilation (range: 63.1%\u201373.4% dilation) was also similar between groups. However, ACh EC-50 was significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05; ANOVA, Bonferroni) lower in HET3 female (0.047 \u00b1 0.021 \u00b5M) than in C57 female arteries (4.22 \u00b1 1.97 \u00b5M) (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Myoendothelial feedback responses were similar between groups (group mean range: 23.3%\u201334.0% dilation) at 10 min, but responses were significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.01) greater in HET3 males (56.5% \u00b1 4.9%) than in C57 male arteries (38.8% \u00b1 2.2%) at 20 min (n = 12\u201315), and they were predominantly dependent on hyperpolarization mechanisms. eNOS\/GAPDH and eNOS\/total protein expression were similar between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, HET3 mesenteric resistance arteries were found to exhibit vasomotor responses similar to those of C57 arteries, with some indications of greater endothelium-dependent vasodilation in HET3, making it a viable mouse model for vascular studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1692618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T06:26:50Z","timestamp":1764570410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vasomotor responses are similar between outbred UM-HET3 and inbred C57BL\/6J male and female mouse mesenteric resistance arteries"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Robin C.","family":"Looft-Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surya","family":"Naraynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Wunibald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Haitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishakha","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp018934","article-title":"Plasma proteins modify the endothelial cell glycocalyx of frog mesenteric microvessels","volume":"445","author":"Adamson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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