{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T17:40:46Z","timestamp":1789839646684,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dissolved oxygen (DO) in aquatic ecosystems plays a pivotal role in fish farming, serving as a critical determinant for the sustainable development of aquaculture practices. When fish suffer hypoxic stress, they undergo a cascade of physiological adaptations. In this study, healthy\n                    <jats:italic>E. cyanopodus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were subjected to experimental treatments under normoxic (6.0 \u00b1 0.05 mg\/L) and hypoxic (1.6 \u00b1 0.05 mg\/L) conditions for 1 (H1), 3 (H3), 6 (H6), and 9 (H9) h to evaluate physiological responses. Liver RNA-seq analysis identified 6152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control group (H0) and the four hypoxia-treated groups (H1, H3, H6, H9). RNA-seq results indicated that hypoxia for 3\u20136 h was the key duration when significant physiological changes occurred in\n                    <jats:italic>E. cyanopodus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement of these DEGs in key hypoxia-responsive pathways, including HIF-1 signaling, Glutathione metabolism, p53 signaling, PPAR signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. These DEGs primarily played function in biological processes, including glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis (\n                    <jats:italic>aldob<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>hk<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ldh-a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ppar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>eno1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>gpt<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), pyruvate metabolism (\n                    <jats:italic>aldocb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ldh-a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fabp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), immune response (\n                    <jats:italic>pnp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>cxcl5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tnf-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>il1-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>il12-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and apoptosis regulation (\n                    <jats:italic>bax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bcl2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>casp3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Their coordinated expression played a crucial role in mediating hypoxic adaptation of the liver and brain in\n                    <jats:italic>E. cyanopodus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Three immune-related enzymes (AKP, ALT, AST), and two metabolic-related enzymes (GLU, LDH) were significantly expressed at 3 and 6 h. These results exactly proved that 3\u20136 h of hypoxic stress was the key period when\n                    <jats:italic>E. cyanopodus<\/jats:italic>\n                    experienced significant physiological changes. This study elucidated key physiological response changes underlying hypoxic stress in\n                    <jats:italic>E. cyanopodus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which provided both theoretical framework for understanding hypoxic adaptation and practical insights for developing hypoxia-resistant breeding strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1697398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T10:58:18Z","timestamp":1765277898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transcriptome analysis reveals physiological responses in liver tissues of Epinephelus cyanopodus under acute hypoxic stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qiaoyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiya","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianguang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Along","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.019","article-title":"Moringa oleifera extract attenuates the CoCl2 induced hypoxia of rat\u2019s brain: expression pattern of HIF-1\u03b1, NF-kB, MAO and EPO","volume":"109","author":"Abdel-Rahman Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-019-00614-9","article-title":"Fish response to hypoxia stress: growth, physiological, and immunological biomarkers","volume":"45","author":"Abdel-Tawwab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish. 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