{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:31:06Z","timestamp":1773081066228,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gut microbiota has emerged as a key contributor to cardiovascular regulation. Acute stimulation of microbial fermentation with lactulose enhances hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in healthy subjects, indicating increased peripheral chemoreceptor (PCh) responsiveness. Given that heart failure (HF) is characterized by PCh hyperactivity, this study investigated whether enhancing intestinal fermentation could acutely modify chemoreceptor-driven responses in HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HF patients (n = 12; all males; age: 59.2[15.8]y; 67% in NYHA III) underwent transient hypoxia test twice: before and \u223c120 min after ingesting a gut-fermentation-stimulating meal. Hydrogen in expired air was measured repeatedly and used to stratify the patients into high early fermentation (HEF) and low early fermentation (LEF) groups. Ventilatory (HVR) and cardiovascular (heart rate, blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance) responses to hypoxia were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HEF patients, as compared with the LEF group, displayed: (1) higher pre-lactulose HVR (mean \u00b1 SD, L\/min\/SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 0.680 \u00b1 0.284 vs. 0.343 \u00b1 0.122; p = 0.024), (2) pre- and post-lactulose SVR response (mean \u00b1 SD, dyn s\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      : for pre-lactulose comparison, 35.40 \u00b1 24.41 vs. 9.96 \u00b1 1.80, p = 0.039; for post-lactulose comparison, 37.19 \u00b1 25.75 vs. 9.22 \u00b1 4.33, p = 0.026). HVR in the HEF group correlated with the net hydrogen excretion during the lactulose test (r = 0.85, p = 0.033).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our preliminary results, derived from a small, uncontrolled physiological experiment conducted in 12 H F patients, imply a link between the upper gut microbial fermentation capacity and the baseline peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in this population. Given the exploratory and non-randomized design, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and larger controlled studies are needed to confirm the nature and clinical relevance of this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1728753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:36:47Z","timestamp":1767854207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hypoxic responsiveness and gut fermentation capacity in heart failure patients: preliminary results"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Miko\u0142ajczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Seredy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Gonerska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Sokolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Paleczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Ponikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","article-title":"When to use the bonferroni correction","volume":"34","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. 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