{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T04:44:52Z","timestamp":1776660292841,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromuscular fatigability impairs motor performance in both healthy and neurological populations. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC), derived from EEG and EMG recordings, reflects the brain-muscle interaction during movement. However, the impact of neuromuscular fatigability on CMC in healthy and neurological populations remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted up to 02\/02\/2026. Eligible studies investigated CMC changes related to fatiguing tasks in healthy or neurological participants. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen non-randomized experimental studies were included, comprising predominantly neurologically healthy adults (n= 174) and a limited number of individuals with neurological conditions (n= 14). Fatiguing tasks varied widely in muscle group, contraction type, mode, and intensity. Across studies, neuromuscular fatigability was associated with heterogeneous changes in CMC, most commonly involving reductions in beta band coherence as fatigue progressed. However, preserved or increased beta band CMC was also reported in both upper- and lower-limb tasks, particularly during sustained or low- to moderate-intensity contractions. Alpha and gamma band CMC were less reported across the included studies. No consistent or limb-specific pattern of CMC modulation emerged, with observed responses depending on task demands, contraction intensity, muscle group, and stage of fatigue. Evidence from neurological populations was sparse but suggested generally lower CMC magnitude and greater disruption during fatiguing tasks compared with healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that fatigue-related changes in CMC do not reflect a uniform loss of corticomuscular coupling but rather task- and context-dependent adaptations in brain\u2013muscle communication. Reductions in CMC may reflect diminished efficacy of corticospinal synchronization, whereas preserved or increased coherence may represent stabilization to maintain motor output with fatigue. By\u00a0synthesizing how neuromuscular fatigability reshapes CMC across different experimental contexts and highlighting key methodological limitations, this review provides a framework to inform the design of future rehabilitation or neuromodulation trials targeting fatigability in both healthy and neurological populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1719722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T04:13:48Z","timestamp":1776658428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamics of brain-muscle interaction with neuromuscular fatigability: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Al Omari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group (RERE), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Moeyersons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group (RERE), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Defour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group (RERE), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University","place":["Ghent, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["Amsterdam, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Haslacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"name":"Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC)","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Beckw\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group (RERE), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Swinnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group (RERE), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahyar","family":"Firouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group (RERE), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]},{"name":"Brain, Body and Cognition Research Group (BBCO), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","place":["Brussels, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2015.01.011","article-title":"Physical and cognitive consequences of fatigue: A review","volume":"6","author":"Abd-Elfattah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Advanced Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.06.034","article-title":"Cortico-muscular coherence parallels coherence of postural tremor and MEG during static muscle contraction","volume":"602","author":"Airaksinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.10.018","article-title":"Autonomic responses to exercise: group III\/IV muscle afferents and fatigue","volume":"188","author":"Amann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-8-101","article-title":"Corticomuscular synchronization with small and large dynamic force output","volume":"8","author":"Andrykiewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.009","article-title":"Measuring fatigue in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"89","author":"Anton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.102","article-title":"The course of fatigue after acute spinal cord injury","volume":"55","author":"Anton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-024-06895-8","article-title":"Corticospinal excitability at rest outside of a task does not differ from task intertrial intervals in healthy adults","volume":"242","author":"Bakken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/IMAG.a.132","article-title":"Multimodal neuroimaging of fatigability development","volume":"3","author":"Bedard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci. (Camb)"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.2.421","article-title":"Fatigue of intermittent submaximal voluntary contractions: central and peripheral factors","volume":"61","author":"Bigland-Ritchie","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1029-2","article-title":"Effects of knee and ankle muscle fatigue on postural control in the unipedal stance","volume":"106","author":"Bizid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12718","article-title":"Central and peripheral fatigue in knee and elbow extensor muscles after a long-distance cross-country ski race","volume":"27","author":"Boccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12879","article-title":"Cortical adaptations during muscle fatigue: the role of sensorimotor oscillations","volume":"220","author":"Boonstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.03.005","article-title":"Fatigue-related changes in motor-unit synchronization of quadriceps muscles within and across legs","volume":"18","author":"Boonstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr Kinesiol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","article-title":"Mechanisms of gamma oscillations","volume":"35","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00775.2016","article-title":"Recovery of central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue after exercise","volume":"122","author":"Carroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1406-22.2023","article-title":"Cerebellar excitability regulates physical fatigue perception","volume":"43","author":"Casamento-Moran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90084-3","article-title":"Quantitative surface EMG during sustained and intermittent submaximal contractions","volume":"70","author":"Christensen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.03.005","article-title":"Motor unit firing behavior during prolonged 50% MVC dorsiflexion contractions in young and older adults","volume":"19","author":"Christie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Electromyography Kinesiology."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1023\/b:brat.0000032855.99865.31","article-title":"Low frequency corlico-muscular coherence during voluntary rapid movements of the wrist joint","volume":"16","author":"Conway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0904-9","article-title":"Fatigue induced changes in phasic muscle activation patterns for fast elbow flexion movements","volume":"142","author":"Corcos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00145.2023","article-title":"Brain and muscle activity during fatiguing maximum-speed knee movement","volume":"136","author":"Correia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.004","article-title":"Corticomuscular and intermuscular coherence as a function of age and walking balance difficulty","volume":"141","author":"da Silva Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00059","article-title":"EEG alpha activity reflects motor preparation rather than the mode of action selection","volume":"6","author":"Deiber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308315046","article-title":"Fatigue versus activity-dependent fatigability in patients with central or peripheral motor impairments","volume":"22","author":"Dobkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.016790","article-title":"Reflex regulation during sustained and intermittent submaximal contractions in humans","volume":"541","author":"Duchateau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","article-title":"Beta-band oscillations--signalling the status quo","volume":"20","author":"Engel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000929","article-title":"Translating fatigue to human performance","volume":"48","author":"Enoka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.02.173","article-title":"Functional corticomuscular connection during reaching is weakened following stroke","volume":"120","author":"Fang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04938-y","article-title":"Corticomuscular coherence is reduced in relation to dorsiflexion fatigability to the same extent in adults with cerebral palsy as in neurologically intact adults","volume":"122","author":"Forman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1354332","article-title":"Influencing factors of corticomuscular coherence in stroke patients","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1326-8","article-title":"The effects of neuromuscular fatigue on task performance during repetitive goal-directed movements","volume":"187","author":"Gates","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20220","article-title":"Coherent corticomuscular oscillations originate from primary motor cortex: evidence from patients with early brain lesions","volume":"27","author":"Gerloff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.04.004","article-title":"Motor primitives--new data and future questions","volume":"33","author":"Giszter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.06.031","article-title":"Effect of lower-extremity muscle fatigue on postural control","volume":"85","author":"Gribble","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00258","article-title":"Beta- and gamma-range human lower limb corticomuscular coherence","volume":"6","author":"Gwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.003","article-title":"Scale-free brain activity: past, present, and future","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052440","article-title":"Effects of muscle fatigue and recovery on the neuromuscular network after an intermittent handgrip fatigue task: spectral analysis of electroencephalography and electromyography signals","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-016-4658-9","article-title":"Short-interval cortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation during submaximal voluntary contractions changes with fatigue","volume":"234","author":"Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/BMEiCON.2018.8609919","article-title":"Force-temporal characteristics of EEG-EMG coherence during isometric contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle","author":"Igasaki","year":"2018"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856456","article-title":"Force-temporal characteristics of EEG-EMG coherence during isometric contraction of lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle","volume":"2019","author":"Igasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050619","article-title":"Changes in movement final position associated with agonist and antagonist muscle fatigue","volume":"80","author":"Jaric","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00001.2025","article-title":"The alpha rhythm: from physiology to behaviour","author":"Jensen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726848","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1726848","article-title":"Strengthened corticosubcortical functional connectivity during muscle fatigue","volume":"2016","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Fatigue in patients with acquired brain damage","author":"Ju\u00e1rez-Bela\u00fande","year":"2021"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/Clinical-Investigation.1000140","article-title":"Comparison of neuromuscular fatigue in chronic stroke patients with healthy controls","volume":"8","author":"Kotwani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-2093-z","article-title":"Development of a person-centered conceptual model of perceived fatigability","volume":"28","author":"Kratz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00821.2002","article-title":"Human brain activation during sustained and intermittent submaximal fatigue muscle contractions: an FMRI study","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00100","article-title":"Corticomuscular coherence and its applications: A review","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.027938","article-title":"Motor fatigue and cognitive task performance in humans","volume":"545","author":"Lorist","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10058","article-title":"Comparing brain activation associated with isolated upper and lower limb movement across corresponding joints","volume":"17","author":"Luft","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15197","article-title":"Corticospinal excitability and motor representation after long-term resistance training","volume":"53","author":"Maeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00309.2024","article-title":"Oscillatory drive is increased and steadiness is impaired when torque but not EMG is matched during a fatiguing contraction","volume":"132","author":"Magnuson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.10.011","article-title":"Using cortico-muscular and cortico-cardiac coherence to study the role of the brain in the development of muscular fatigue","volume":"48","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01142-7","article-title":"Literature review of stroke assessment for upper-extremity physical function via EEG, EMG, kinematic, and kinetic measurements and their reliability","volume":"20","author":"Maura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng Rehabil."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00097.2016","article-title":"Muscle fatigue increases beta-band coherence between the firing times of simultaneously active motor units in the first dorsal interosseous muscle","volume":"115","author":"McManus","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2008.2006209","article-title":"Cerebral plasticity after subcortical stroke as revealed by cortico-muscular coherence","volume":"17","author":"Meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010192","article-title":"The orderly recruitment of human motor units during voluntary isometric contractions","volume":"230","author":"Milner-Brown","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00238-2","article-title":"Electroencephalographic analysis of cortico-muscular coherence: reference effect, volume conduction and generator mechanism","volume":"110","author":"Mima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiology."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2693-8","article-title":"Differences in corticospinal system activity and reaction response between karate athletes and non-athletes","volume":"37","author":"Moscatelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00252.2024","article-title":"Prioritized adjustments in posture stabilization and adaptive reaching during neuromuscular fatigue of lower-limb muscles","author":"Nardon","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00521","article-title":"EEG frequency bands in psychiatric disorders: A review of resting state studies","volume":"12","author":"Newson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8037","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4153-10.2011","article-title":"Corticospinal beta-range coherence is highly dependent on the pre-stationary motor state","volume":"31","author":"Omlor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Systematic Rev."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.891415","article-title":"The pathophysiology of motor fatigue and fatigability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Patejdl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1441002","article-title":"The neuromechanical of Beta-band corticomuscular coupling within the human motor system","volume":"18","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/sports10110184","article-title":"The neuromuscular fatigue-induced loss of muscle force control","volume":"10","author":"Pethick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01127-6","article-title":"Exploring high-density corticomuscular networks after stroke to enable a hybrid Brain-Computer Interface for hand motor rehabilitation","volume":"20","author":"Pichiorri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng Rehabil."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.231316","article-title":"Motor-cortical oscillations in early stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"590","author":"Pollok","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.03.019","article-title":"Impaired corticomuscular and interhemispheric cortical beta oscillation coupling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7673068","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7673068","article-title":"Muscle extremely low frequency magnetic stimulation eliminates the effect of fatigue on EEG-EMG coherence during the lateral raise task: A pilot quantitative investigation","volume":"2018","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2017.00017","article-title":"Beta band corticomuscular drive reflects muscle coordination strategies","volume":"11","author":"Reyes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0952-z","article-title":"The treatment of fatigue","author":"Romani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.983643","article-title":"How is neuromuscular fatigability affected by perceived fatigue and disability in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Royer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.09.001","article-title":"Changes in postural stability with fatigue of lower extremity frontal and sagittal plane movers","volume":"26","author":"Salavati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70065","article-title":"Neurobiological insights into cerebral palsy: A review of the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Salomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behavior."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4789","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276460","article-title":"Fatigue-related group III\/IV muscle afferent feedback facilitates intracortical inhibition during locomotor exercise","volume":"596","author":"Sidhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00017.2024","article-title":"Greater motor unit discharge rate during rapid contractions in chronically strength-trained individuals","volume":"132","author":"\u0160karabot","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.103598","article-title":"The effect of sustained low-intensity contractions on supraspinal fatigue in human elbow flexor muscles","volume":"573","author":"S\u00f8gaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1124773","article-title":"Distinct cortico-muscular coupling between step and stance leg during reactive stepping responses","volume":"14","author":"Stokkermans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.045","article-title":"Sensorimotor integration in focal task-specific hand dystonia: a magnetoencephalographic assessment","volume":"154","author":"Tecchio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.03.059","article-title":"Sensory-motor interaction in primary hand cortical areas: A magnetoencephalography assessment","volume":"141","author":"Tecchio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.09.029","article-title":"Sustained maximal voluntary contractions elicit different neurophysiological responses in upper- and lower-limb muscles in men","volume":"422","author":"Temesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9224-y","article-title":"Time frequency based coherence analysis between EEG and EMG activities in fatigue duration","volume":"34","author":"Tuncel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Time-lapse changes in EEG-EMG coherence during weak voluntary contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle","author":"Ushijima","year":"2017"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01194.2010","article-title":"Muscle fatigue-induced enhancement of corticomuscular coherence following sustained submaximal isometric contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle","volume":"110","author":"Ushiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.008","article-title":"Effects of motor fatigue on human brain activity, an fMRI study","volume":"35","author":"van Duinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.19.05878-7","article-title":"Measuring walking-related performance fatigability in clinical practice: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Van Geel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00273.2020","article-title":"Spinal contribution to neuromuscular recovery differs between elbow-flexor and knee-extensor muscles after a maximal sustained fatiguing task","volume":"124","author":"Vernillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001445","article-title":"Mechanisms of fatigue and recovery in upper versus lower limbs in men","volume":"50","author":"Vernillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.11.006","article-title":"Corticomuscular coherence in acute and chronic stroke","volume":"125","author":"von Carlowitz-Ghori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.07.011","article-title":"The magnitude of the effect of calf muscles fatigue on postural control during bipedal quiet standing with vision depends on the eye-visual target distance","volume":"24","author":"Vuillerme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1176054","article-title":"The interaction between changes of muscle activation and cortical network dynamics during isometric elbow contraction: a sEMG and fNIRS study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng Biotechnol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001387","article-title":"Antagonistic muscle prefatigue weakens the functional corticomuscular coupling during isometric elbow extension contraction","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroreport."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2018.07.011","article-title":"Corticospinal excitability during fatiguing whole body exercise","volume":"240","author":"Weavil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"0","article-title":"The impact of fatigue on neurorehabilitation","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of neurorehabilitation","author":"Welch","year":"2020"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199611150-00013","article-title":"Muscular response to sudden load. A tool to evaluate fatigue and rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"Wilder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.10.074","article-title":"Weakening of functional corticomuscular coupling during muscle fatigue","volume":"1250","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2047173","article-title":"Single-trial EEG-EMG coherence analysis reveals muscle fatigue-related progressive alterations in corticomuscular coupling","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Engineering."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1719722\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T04:13:50Z","timestamp":1776658430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1719722\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2026.1719722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1719722","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"article-number":"1719722"}}