{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:52:34Z","timestamp":1788274354580,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003965","name":"International Olympic Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003965","name":"International Olympic Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Human Telemetrics London"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Human Telemetrics London"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to characterise the thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses of non-acclimatised mountaineers during different exercise modalities and camping conditions in extreme cold. A secondary aim was to assess the feasibility of real-time transmission of physiological data to enhance safety during cold expeditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study assessed thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses of 18 non-acclimatised mountaineers from the United Arab Emirates during a 10-day winter expedition in Skeikampen, Norway. Participants performed daily cross-country skiing or snowshoe walking (\u223c5\u20136 h\/day) and experienced two camping conditions (\n                      <jats:italic>quinzhee<\/jats:italic>\n                      and tent). Core temperature (Tc) was measured via ingestible telemetric pills, and heart rate (HR) via chest straps. Data were transmitted in real-time using a wearable ecosystem comprising Bluetooth gateways and eSIM-enabled smartwatches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross-country skiing elicited significantly higher mean Tc (+0.20 \u00b0C,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01) and HR (+12.8 bpm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01) than snowshoe walking. Peak Tc during quinzhee camping was significantly higher than during tent camping (+0.55 \u00b0C,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), suggesting superior insulation. No cases of hypothermia were recorded. Real-time data transmission enabled continuous remote monitoring, with actionable alerts triggered when Tc dropped below safety thresholds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of real-time physiological monitoring in extreme cold, offering practical insight into activity-specific thermoregulatory strain. The findings underscore the importance of shelter design, physical activity selection, and wearable monitoring to enhance safety and decision-making in cold environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1727132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T08:46:05Z","timestamp":1772441165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-time thermoregulatory and cardiovascular monitoring of non-acclimatised mountaineers in extreme cold: a 10-day field expedition study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Borja","family":"Muniz-Pardos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EXER-GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group (S72_23R), FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, University of Zaragoza","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Verdoukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Telemetrics LTD","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Comadran de Barnola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EXER-GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group (S72_23R), FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, University of Zaragoza","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiu Chung Issac","family":"Chan-Twist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise Science and Medicine (CESAME), Hong Kong Baptist University","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashel","family":"Al Tunaiji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zayed Military University","place":["Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Zayed Military Hospital","place":["Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"UAE National Olympic Committee (NOC) Sport Medicine Committee","place":["Dubai, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannis","family":"Pitsiladis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Telemetrics LTD","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Exercise Science and Medicine (CESAME), Hong Kong Baptist University","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Winter wise: travel and survival in ice and snow","author":"Alford","year":"1999"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/S00421-019-04288-2","article-title":"Reliability and validity of methods in the assessment of cold-induced shivering thermogenesis","volume":"120","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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