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Moreover, converging evidence indicates that PA can affect the maturation and functional balance of basal ganglia circuits, particularly the indirect pathway, which relies heavily on D2 receptor\u2013mediated signaling and is consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of SSD. Alterations in this pathway may therefore represent a mechanistic link contributing to the shared vulnerability between PA and SSD, where thalamic disinhibition resulting from indirect pathway dysfunction reduces the filtering of information relayed from the thalamus to the cortex, thereby facilitating the emergence of positive symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1759386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T05:23:21Z","timestamp":1773638601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The indirect pathway hypothesis of schizophrenia: insights from perinatal asphyxia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Borsetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biology and Neurosciences (IBCN) \u2013 National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006","article-title":"Negative v positive schizophrenia: definition and validation","volume":"39","author":"Andreasen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Archives General Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12948","article-title":"Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"139","author":"Arican","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. 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