{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:47:43Z","timestamp":1787237263849,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eclampsia is a severe complication of preeclampsia involving blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. While small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia, their role in eclampsia remains unclear. We examined the effects of plasma and plasma-derived sEVs from women with eclampsia on BBB integrity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plasma and plasma-sEVs were isolated from women with normotensive pregnancies (n=18), preeclampsia (n=19), preeclampsia with organ complications (n=17), and eclampsia (n=20). An\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      BBB model based on the culture of human brain endothelial cells was used to evaluate electrical resistance (TEER) and Dextran 70 kDa permeability in the presence of women\u2019s plasmas or plasma-sEVs. sEVs cargo of relevant proteins involved in BBB regulation, eNOS, and TNF-\u03b1, were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma from women with eclampsia disrupted the BBB, with marked reductions in TEER and increased permeability compared to normotensive controls, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with organ complications. Moreover, plasma-sEVs of women with eclampsia caused a drop in TEERs but less BBB permeability than plasma-sEVs from normotensive controls or preeclampsia. Lower levels of eNOS and TNF-\u03b1 in eclampsia-derived sEVs compared to normotensive controls were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the critical role of circulating plasma factors in the disruption of the BBB during eclampsia. Although plasma-derived sEVs induce some alterations in barrier properties, our findings suggest they are not the main drivers of the BBB impairment observed in eclampsia, likely due to altered cargo composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1778955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:27:32Z","timestamp":1777264052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In vitro evidence that plasma of women with eclampsia disrupts the blood-brain barrier"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jesenia","family":"Acurio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo","place":["Chill\u00e1n, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Troncoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo","place":["Chill\u00e1n, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esthefanny","family":"Escudero-Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo","place":["Chill\u00e1n, Chile"]},{"name":"Doctorade Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Talca","place":["Talca, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermes","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo","place":["Chill\u00e1n, Chile"]},{"name":"Doctorade Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Talca","place":["Talca, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Iba\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo","place":["Chill\u00e1n, Chile"]},{"name":"Doctorade Program in Veterinarian Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion","place":["Chillan, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Vatish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Women\u2019s & Reproductive Health, Women\u2019s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Torres-Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health)","place":["Chillan, Chile"]},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n","place":["Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg","place":["Gothenburgh, Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University","place":["Uppsala, Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital","place":["Gothenburg, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sweden"]},{"name":"Wallenberg Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo","place":["Chill\u00e1n, Chile"]},{"name":"Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health)","place":["Chillan, Chile"]},{"name":"Consortium for Research and Innovation Neurovascular (NEUROVAS)","place":["Chillan, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003018","article-title":"Acog Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet. 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