{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:23:32Z","timestamp":1787682212264,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005916","name":"Universidad de La Frontera","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ageing and obesity are major public health issues, both associated with reductions in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Muscle quality, which integrates the morphological and functional characteristics of skeletal muscle, is a key predictor of independence and mortality in older adults. Obesity is linked to additional structural and functional alterations in muscle during ageing, alongside a potential anabolic resistance. Although resistance training (RT) has been shown to improve muscle mass and quality in older adults, evidence in older women with obesity remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 12-week progressive, whole-body RT programme on muscle quality parameters and physical performance in women aged 60\u201379 years with obesity (68 \u00b1 4.21 years; body mass index [BMI] = 33.01 \u00b1 2.62 kg\/m\u00b2; body fat percentage= 42.23% \u00b1 2.98%; n = 16) versus age-matched normal-weight women (66 \u00b1 4.31 years; BMI\u00a0=\u00a022.60 \u00b1 1.36 kg\/m\u00b2; body fat percentage= 33.11% \u00b1 3.61%; n = 14). RT was performed three times per week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, morphological indicators of muscle quality (quadriceps muscle thickness and echointensity) and physical performance were assessed. Both groups showed significant post-training improvements in quadriceps thickness (time effect, p &amp;lt; 0.001); maximal strength in leg extension, leg flexion, leg press, chest press, and elbow extension (p &amp;lt; 0.001), lower-limb power, and muscle quality index (p &amp;lt; 0.001), as well as physical performance (p &amp;lt; 0.001); In conclusion, although the increase in muscle thickness and the reduction in body fat percentage were only significant in the normal-weight group, 12 weeks of RT are effective in improving functional parameters of muscle quality and physical performance in normal-weight and obese older women. This supports RT as an effective strategy to optimise musculoskeletal health in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1794580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:39:39Z","timestamp":1777527579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of 12 weeks resistance training  on muscle quality and physical performance in normal-weight and obese older women"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Vidal-Seguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Morfol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera","place":["Temuco, Chile"]},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera","place":["Temuco, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Sep\u00falveda-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Procesos Terap\u00e9uticos, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud","place":["Temuco, Chile"]},{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Menci\u00f3n Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera","place":["Temuco, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Carranza-Leiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera","place":["Temuco, Chile"]},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina F\u00edsica y Rehabilitaci\u00f3n MEDIFIS, Unidad de Kinesiolog\u00eda","place":["Temuco, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina","place":["Temuco, Chile"]},{"name":"N\u00facleo de envejecimiento, vejez y calidad de vida, INTA, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolberto","family":"Huard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Farmacogen\u00e9tica, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina","place":["Temuco, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Sapunar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina","place":["Temuco, Chile"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n del C\u00e1ncer, Fundaci\u00f3n Arturo L\u00f3pez P\u00e9rez OECI Cancer Center","place":["Santiago de Chile, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Farmacogen\u00e9tica, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina","place":["Temuco, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Nova-Lamperti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Facultad de Farmacia","place":["Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Nasri","family":"Marzuca-Nassr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera","place":["Temuco, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9870-1","article-title":"Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages","volume":"38","author":"Ahtiainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2018.08.006","article-title":"The sit-to-stand muscle power test: an easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people","volume":"112","author":"Alcazar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1034\/J.1600-0838.2003.00299.X","article-title":"Muscle fibre type adaptation in the elderly human muscle","volume":"13","author":"Andersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S00520-024-08973-7","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance gains are similar between healthy postmenopausal women and postmenopausal breast cancer survivors after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training","volume":"32","author":"Artigas-Arias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Supportive Care Cancer 2024 32:12"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Obesity"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"World obesity atlas 2022 | World obesity federation"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155639","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"146","author":"Axelrod","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2020.111047","article-title":"Muscle strength, not age, explains unique variance in echo intensity","volume":"139","author":"Bali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0167790","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in the adaptive responses to endurance and sprint interval training: a randomized crossover study","volume":"11","author":"Bonafiglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S446","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00013","article-title":"Individual differences in response to regular physical activity","volume":"33","author":"Bouchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHYS.2022.1032450","article-title":"The inflammatory response, a mixed blessing for muscle homeostasis and plasticity","volume":"13","author":"Bouredji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANNEPIDEM.2016.07.006","article-title":"The muscle quality index and mortality among males and females","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.01.071","article-title":"There are no nonresponders to resistance-type exercise training inolder men and women","volume":"16","author":"Churchward-Venne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/805172","article-title":"Role of inflammation in muscle homeostasis and myogenesis","volume":"2015","author":"Costamagna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/AGEING\/AFY169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAMDA.2023.02.012","article-title":"Muscle quality in older adults: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"de Lucena Alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Cl\u00ednica y terap\u00e9utica en la nutrici\u00f3n","author":"Di Girolami","year":"2008"},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Envejecimiento y salud"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.04.005","article-title":"Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle force control? a systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"83","author":"Fiogb\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol Geriatr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.09.001","article-title":"Fat infiltration and muscle hydration improve after high-intensity resistance training in women with sarcopenia. a randomized clinical trial","volume":"168","author":"Flor-Rufino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2022.111984","article-title":"Interindividual variability of adaptations following either traditional strength or power training combined to endurance training in older men: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"169","author":"Formighieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.01.027","article-title":"Muscle quality index improves with resistance exercise training in older adults","volume":"53","author":"Fragala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0305-z","article-title":"Muscle quality in aging: a multi-dimensional approach to muscle functioning with applications for treatment","volume":"45","author":"Fragala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/GLAA206","article-title":"The influence of age and obesity-altered muscle tissue composition on muscular dimensional changes: impact on strength and function","volume":"75","author":"Giuliani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1007\/S40279-020-01331-7","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on muscle size and strength in very elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Grgic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.11.020","article-title":"Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Guizelini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONJ\/49.2.M85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Gerontol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665115000129","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia","volume":"74","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112574","article-title":"Age- and sex-dependence of muscle quality: influence of intramuscular non-contractile tissues","volume":"196","author":"Ichinose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1298\/PTR.R0009","article-title":"Age-related change in muscle characteristics and resistance training for older adults","volume":"23","author":"Ikezoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002278","article-title":"Effects of low-load, higher-repetition vs. high-load, lower-repetition resistance training not performed to failure on muscle strength, mass, and echo intensity in healthy young men: a time-course study","volume":"34","author":"Ikezoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.70252\/oizw2471","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on muscle quality index, muscle strength, functional capacity, and serum immunoglobulin levels between obese and non-obese older women","volume":"14","author":"Junior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Exerc Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11357-016-9884-3","article-title":"Obesity and related consequences to ageing","volume":"38","author":"Jura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH192114554","article-title":"Effects of twenty-four weeks of resistance exercise training on body composition, bone mineral density, functional fitness and isokinetic muscle strength in obese older women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/S13679-019-00359-9","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiologic evidence, pathophysiology, and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Koliaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/GLR070","article-title":"Does the amount of fat mass predict age-related loss of lean mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality in older adults","volume":"66","author":"Koster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARR.2009.06.001","article-title":"Age-related changes in total and regional fat distribution","volume":"8","author":"Kuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1152\/PHYSREV.00061.2017","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Aging-related loss of muscle mass and function","volume":"99","author":"Larsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/GLS241","article-title":"Elderly men and women benefit equally from prolonged resistance-type exercise training","volume":"68","author":"Leenders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journals Gerontology: Ser. A."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(88)90132-3","article-title":"What is the cause of the ageing atrophy? Total number, size and proportion of different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15- to 83-year-old men","volume":"84","author":"Lexell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/JCSM.12901","article-title":"Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACC.2021.12.017","article-title":"Inflammation, aging, and cardiovascular disease: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"79","author":"Liberale","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/JCSM.12834","article-title":"Adverse muscle composition predicts all-cause mortality in the UK Biobank imaging study","volume":"12","author":"Linge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/OBR.13534","article-title":"Deciphering the \u201cobesity paradox\u201d in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sarcopenic obesity","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/S00441-018-2955-2","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fibrosis: an overview","volume":"375","author":"Mahdy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSNEM.2023-0087","article-title":"Muscle mass and strength gains following resistance exercise training in older adults 65\u201375 years and older adults above 85 years","volume":"34","author":"Marzuca-Nassr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc Metab."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/S10522-018-9775-3","article-title":"Age-related changes in skeletal muscle: changes to life-style as a therapy","volume":"19","author":"McCormick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-2395-3-9","article-title":"It is not just muscle mass: a review of muscle quality, composition and metabolism during ageing as determinants of muscle function and mobility in later life","volume":"3","author":"McGregor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Longev. Healthspan"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/OBY.23227","article-title":"Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in obesity","volume":"29","author":"Mengeste","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/JCSM.12720","article-title":"Age-related alterations in muscle architecture are a signature of sarcopenia: the ultrasound sarcopenia index","volume":"12","author":"Narici","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.10.009","article-title":"Reliability and validity of ultrasound to estimate muscles: a comparison between different transducers and parameters","volume":"35","author":"Nijholt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.3390\/NU16244407","article-title":"Obesity and metabolic disease impair the anabolic response to protein supplementation and resistance exercise: a retrospective analysis of a randomized clinical trial with implications for aging, sarcopenic obesity, and weight management","volume":"16","author":"Nilsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12051293","article-title":"Sarcopenia: a contemporary health problem among older adult populations","volume":"12","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155577","article-title":"Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity","volume":"144","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/JPEN.2030","article-title":"Muscle echogenicity and changes related to age and body mass index","volume":"45","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parenteral Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5007\/1980-0037.2018v20n3p235","article-title":"Impact of nutritional status on body composition and muscle strength of older women enrolled in a resistance training program","volume":"20","author":"Pina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cineantropometria Desempenho Humano"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2013.04.003","article-title":"Low- and high-volume strength training induces similar neuromuscular improvements in muscle quality in elderly women","volume":"48","author":"Radaelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E866","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPENDO.00243.2018","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue directly modulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in humans","volume":"316","author":"Sachs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH18136762","article-title":"Effects of 16 weeks of resistance training on muscle quality and muscle growth factors in older adult women with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2114\/JPA2.28.123","article-title":"Sit-to-stand test to evaluate knee extensor muscle size and strength in the elderly: a novel approach","volume":"28","author":"Takai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0748-4","article-title":"Irisin levels are not associated to resistance training-induced alterations in body mass composition in older untrained women with and without obesity","volume":"21","author":"Tibana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutrition Health Aging"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/S10522-015-9626-4","article-title":"The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age","volume":"17","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1152\/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00892.2024","article-title":"Human skeletal muscle-specific hypertrophy with exercise training and aging: a comprehensive review","volume":"139","author":"Vincenty","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/MUS.24656","article-title":"Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity","volume":"52","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4093\/DMJ.2020.0250","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia in obesity, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1794580\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:39:42Z","timestamp":1777527582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1794580\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2026.1794580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1794580","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"article-number":"1794580"}}