{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:14:46Z","timestamp":1778130886254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Energy drinks are often used by athletes before competitions to enhance their performance. Resent research has pointed out that the performance effects of select ingredients have been studied in-dividually, but not in combination with caffeine. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of caffeine, anserine and elderberry on cognitive function and repeated sprint performance of athletes during a high-intensity exercise protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We employed a double-blind, randomized, counter balanced, and crossover design. Three types of supplements were tested: placebo, caffeine (220mg), and energy drink (220mg caffeine, 288mg anserine, 400 mg of elderberry, and 660 mg vitamins-minerals mixed). Twelve college athletes were recruited to complete repeated sprint tests on a cycle ergometer until they reached exhaustion and undertook a series of cognitive tasks during running.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed that energy drink group significantly improved repeated sprint performance and showed a potential to attenuate certain aspects of cognitive fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multi-ingredient energy drink significantly elevated total power output and attenuated the exercise-induced decline in cognitive performance. It might be a better strategy for athletes to optimize physical performance and mitigate cognitive fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT07104188?intr=NCT07104188%20&amp;amp;rank=1<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT07104188.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1796957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:56:29Z","timestamp":1778129789000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of energy drinks on repeated sprint performance and cognitive function in athletes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Li An","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Physical Education, Soochow University","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin Chia","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Hsiang","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ball Sports, University of Taipei","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Jui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recreation and Sports Management, University of Taipe","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun Tien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Shih Hsin University","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of sport","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien Wen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041146","article-title":"Anserine reverses exercise-induced oxidative stress and preserves cellular homeostasis in healthy men","volume":"12","author":"Alkhatib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00187.2002","article-title":"Exercise endurance 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion in caffeine users and nonusers","volume":"93","author":"Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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