{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:45:45Z","timestamp":1772621145914,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify upper- and lower-limb power responsiveness to maximal strength (MSTG) versus plyometric training (PTG) versus control (CG), and to identify stable responder signatures from the 2D change vector (\u0394Upper, \u0394Lower).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven university swimmers were randomized to MSTG, PTG, or CG (n = 9 each) for 6 weeks with testing at Pre, Mid, and Post. Upper- and lower-limb power constructs were derived via baseline-fitted PCA from bench press power plus medicine-ball throw and from CMJ, SJ, DJ, plus SLJ, respectively; responsiveness was Post\u2013Pre. Group contrasts used permutation tests with Holm adjustment and bootstrap confidence intervals. Responder signatures were identified by Ward clustering with cluster-number selection and bootstrap stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u0394Upper was 0.962 \u00b1 0.129 (MSTG), 0.762 \u00b1 0.218 (PTG), and 0.332 \u00b1 0.058 (CG); MSTG\u2013PTG mean difference was 0.200 (95% CI [0.047, 0.356], p = 0.030, g = 1.065), and both exceeded CG (p &amp;lt; 0.001). \u0394Lower was 0.822 \u00b1 0.125 (MSTG), 0.758 \u00b1 0.150 (PTG), and 0.388 \u00b1 0.059 (CG); MSTG\u2013PTG was 0.065 (p = 0.331), while both exceeded CG (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Clustering selected k = 2 (silhouette 0.608) with high stability (ARI 0.840 [0.591, 1.000]) and strong group association (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 18.900, p &amp;lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this sample, MSTG elicited larger upper-limb responsiveness than PTG, while both approaches improved upper- and lower-limb constructs versus CG, and responder signatures were stable and strongly aligned with training modality. In exploratory models within our sample, short-duration intervention, training allocation (stimulus) dominated modeled responsiveness and baseline sprint performance showed an inverse association with high-responder membership, patterns consistent with short-block trainability\/ceiling effects, therefore these predictive findings should be interpreted as context-specific and not generalized beyond similar swimmer levels and intervention doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1799253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:42:10Z","timestamp":1772602930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Responder signatures and predictors of upper- and lower-limb power responsiveness to maximal strength versus plyometric dry-land training in swimmers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liuxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aviation, Civil Aviation Flight University of China","place":["Guanghan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiushu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11770","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182211770","article-title":"What is the optimal strength training load to improve swimming performance? 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