{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:17:59Z","timestamp":1788347879763,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of accidental corrosive agent ingestion in children and to identify factors associated with the severity of acute corrosive esophageal injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed demographic and clinical data of 138 children who accidentally ingested corrosive agents in a single center from July 2014 to October 2024. The severity of esophageal injury was assessed using the Zargar grading system (Grade 0-IV) during initial endoscopy. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with acute esophageal injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age of the 138 children was 2.08 years (interquartile range: 1.54\u20133.27). Children aged \u22645 years accounted for 87.68% (121\/138), with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Alkaline agents accounted for 75.36% (104\/138), with pipe cleaners being the most common source (28.99%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequent presentation (42.03%), followed by oral symptoms (29.71%), while 28.26% were asymptomatic. The median hospital stay was 2 days. Initial endoscopy showed normal mucosa (Grade 0) in 98 cases (71.01%) and abnormal findings (Grade I\u2013IIIb) in 40 cases (28.99%). Proton pump inhibitors were used in 127 cases (92.03%), and corticosteroids in 48 cases (34.78%). Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations between abnormal Zargar grade and both age and time from ingestion to hospital presentation (both\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Multivariate logistic regression further identified that age \u22645 years (odds ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.10\u20130.86,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.025) and time to presentation \u22646 hours (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.19\u20130.96,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.038) were independent protective factors against abnormal endoscopic findings. Among the 17 patients who completed follow-up (12.32%), 9 (52.94%) developed dysphagia and 8 (47.06%) developed esophageal strictures; however, the low follow-up rate and selection bias limit the generalizability of these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age &amp;gt;5 years and time from ingestion to hospital presentation &amp;gt;6 hours are associated with an increased risk of acute esophageal injury in children following accidental corrosive ingestion (odds ratio = 3.33 and 2.33, respectively). Prompt medical evaluation and endoscopic assessment are recommended for children with suspected ingestion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1807937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:14:52Z","timestamp":1780046092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric corrosive ingestion and factors associated with acute esophageal injury: a single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yingru","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department of School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students, Wuhan University of Science and Technology & Wuhan Children's Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyue","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department of School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students, Wuhan University of Science and Technology & Wuhan Children's Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department of School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students, Wuhan University of Science and Technology & Wuhan Children's Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17352\/ojpch.000052","article-title":"Clinical aspects and endoscopic findings of caustic ingestions in children in dakar, Senegal","volume":"9","author":"Abou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open J. 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