{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:14:45Z","timestamp":1778130885995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":293,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the largest metabolic organ in the human body, skeletal muscle relies on the structural and functional integrity of its organelles for cellular viability and responsiveness. Organelle-specific autophagy, a major subtype of autophagy encompassing mitophagy, pexophagy, reticulophagy (ER-phagy), ribophagy, lysophagy, and nucleophagy, has been reported to exert a protective role in skeletal muscle by selectively eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining cellular homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review aims to systematically map the current literature on organelle-specific autophagy in skeletal muscle, clarifying the molecular mechanisms, physiological and pathological roles, and research gaps for the six types of organelle-specific autophagy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to 21 March 2026 using keywords for skeletal muscle combined with mitophagy, pexophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy, lysophagy, and nucleophagy. Studies involving humans, mice, rats, or skeletal muscle cells were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 113 included studies, human studies accounted for 15%, animal models 56%, and skeletal muscle cell lines 29%. By autophagy type, mitophagy dominated (87%, 98 studies), reticulophagy and lysophagy each accounted for 4% (five studies each), and lysophagy, pexophagy, ribophagy, and nucleophagy together comprised less than 5%. Regarding evidence level, among 24 human studies, 18 (75%) were cross-sectional observational studies or small case series (level 4), only three were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (level 2b), and one was an individual RCT (level 1b); the overall evidence was predominantly low-level observational, with a lack of high-quality interventional clinical trials. For autophagic flux methodology, 53% of studies performed dual detection of LC3B and p62, 17% used lysosomal inhibitor blocking experiments, 64% used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or tandem fluorescent probes, 23% combined bidirectional verification of autophagic function, and 18% examined intervention reversibility. Among 88 animal studies, low risk of bias (RoB) was found in 14 (16%), moderate RoB in 43 (49%), and high RoB in 30 (35%). For 46 cell experiments assessed by five self-established criteria, 83% used TEM to confirm autophagosomes, 28% used lysosomal inhibitors to validate flux, 72% used gene knockout\/knockdown to verify mechanisms, 91% used skeletal muscle-derived cell lines, and 41% performed multi-time-point dynamic autophagy detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current research is severely lacking in nonmitophagy mechanisms, standardized dynamic flux assays, and high-quality clinical studies. Furthermore, systematic investigations of sex differences and muscle fiber type specificity are persistently absent, constraining the development of precise intervention strategies. Future efforts should strengthen multiorganelle autophagy network research and clinical translation to provide new targets for preventing and treating skeletal muscle disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1822139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:56:42Z","timestamp":1778129802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From homeostasis to pathology, organelle-specific autophagy in skeletal muscle: a PRISMA-ScR scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibusition, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feixiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4School of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01292-24","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing transcription factor MvfR: reversing effects with anti-MvfR and mitochondrial-targeted compounds","volume":"15","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6796","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800374","article-title":"Lipin-1 regulates Bnip3-mediated mitophagy in glycolytic muscle","volume":"32","author":"Alshudukhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8936251","article-title":"Combination of coenzyme Q10 intake and moderate physical activity counteracts mitochondrial dysfunctions in a SAMP8 mouse model","volume":"2018","author":"Andreani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. 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