{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:00:57Z","timestamp":1781154057580,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lactate has been redefined from a metabolic waste product to a key signaling molecule regulating energy metabolism, gene expression, and disease progression, making the precise regulation of exercise-induced lactate exposure critical for population-specific prescriptions (e.g., for the elderly or cancer patients). The aim of this study was to investigate the coupling between lactate accumulation and subjective fatigue by comparing whole-body (running) versus localized (cycling) exercise, as well as intermittent versus continuous modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve healthy adults (six males and six females) participated in this study, completing combinations of three intensities and two modalities: Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT), Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT), and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) via running and cycling ergometry. Blood lactate area-under-curve (AUC) was calculated, and Lactate Production Efficiency (LPE = AUC\/RPE) was innovatively proposed to quantify lactate exposure per unit of Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cycling induced 59% (MIIT, p &amp;lt; 0.01) and 67% (HIIT, p &amp;lt; 0.05) higher lactate AUC than running, irrespective of intensity or intermittency. Furthermore, HIIT cycling yielded a 52% higher LPE than running (20.48 vs. 13.47 mmol\u00b7min\/L\u00b7scale, p &amp;lt; 0.01), indicating superior lactate stress per fatigue unit and optimizing lactate elevation, whereas running MIIT minimized lactate exposure. Males showed 36\u201343% higher running AUC than females (p &amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting heightened metabolic sensitivity. Interval efficacy was also confirmed, as HIIT increased lactate AUC by 44\u201387% versus MICT (p &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The introduction of LPE effectively quantifies exercise-modality effects on fatigue-lactate decoupling. The findings demonstrate metabolic stress concentration in localized exercise (cycling) and male-specific lactate sensitivity during whole-body running, providing RPE-based strategies for precision exercise prescription and advancing personalized interventions in sports medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1822989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:35:35Z","timestamp":1781152535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise modality influences lactate production and RPE: running vs. cycling, intervals vs. continuous"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology","place":["Taizhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhe","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangfangdian Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shandong University of Technology","place":["Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Emerging Interdisciplinary Platform for Medicine and Engineering in Sports (EIPMES)","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO-24-00333","article-title":"Enhancing cancer supportive care: integrating psychosocial support, nutrition, and physical activity using telehealth solutions","volume":"10","author":"Bergerot","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Glob. 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