{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:28:39Z","timestamp":1786512519250,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIIT is a time-efficient exercise strategy for adults with overweight or obesity, but trial findings are heterogeneous and whether age independently modifies cardiometabolic response remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 2025. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated weighted mean differences for SBP and DBP in mmHg and standardized mean differences for lipid and anthropometric outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals and prediction intervals where available. Additional Stata analyses included funnel plots, Egger tests for all six outcomes, trim-and-fill analysis for BW and BMI, exploratory study-level meta-regression using continuous mean age and intervention duration, and GRADE assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen trials involving 570 participants were included. HIIT was associated with reductions in SBP, DBP, TG, BW, and BMI and an increase in HDL-C; overall heterogeneity was moderate to substantial (I\u00b2 range, 46.77%\u201387.07%). Egger tests suggested small-study effects for BW and BMI, but not SBP, DBP, HDL-C and TG. Trim-and-fill imputed no studies for BW and BMI. Mean age was associated with TG effects and duration was associated with HDL-C effects in univariable models. Certainty of evidence was low for SBP and very low for the remaining outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIIT was associated with favorable average cardiometabolic changes in adults with overweight or obesity, but substantial heterogeneity, low-to-very-low certainty and possible small-study effects findings require cautious interpretation. The available evidence supports the hypothesis that trial-level mean age may be associated with differential responses, rather than proving age as a definitive individual-level effect modifier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420261279689.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1833719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:47:29Z","timestamp":1786510049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study-level age patterns in cardiometabolic response to high-intensity interval training among adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering","place":["Zigong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanxi Datong University","place":["Datong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01927-9","article-title":"The perils of misinterpreting and misusing \u201cpublication bias\u201d in meta-analyses: an education review on funnel plot-based methods","volume":"54","author":"Afonso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4","article-title":"Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health in patients with diabesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol. 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