{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:11:20Z","timestamp":1778735480115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although exercise therapy is widely recommended for chronic low back pain (CLBP), the comparative effectiveness of specific exercise modalities and optimal dose parameters remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and rank different exercise types and key dose-related factors using a network meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI was conducted from database inception to December 2025. Randomised controlled trials involving adults with non-specific CLBP were included. Network meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 18.0. The relative efficacy of interventions was ranked using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 24 randomised controlled trials were included, involving 28 intervention arms. All exercise modalities (stabilisation, resistance, traditional, combined, and motor control-based approaches) demonstrated significant improvements in pain compared with control conditions (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Exercise sessions lasting 15\u201320 min, 30\u201340 min, and 45\u201350 min were all effective, with no significant differences between durations. Frequencies of 1\u20132, 3, and 6\u20137 sessions per week significantly reduced pain, with 6\u20137 sessions per week ranking highest. Intervention periods of \u226516 weeks showed the greatest efficacy. SUCRA rankings indicated that traditional exercise (SUCRA\u00a0=\u00a087.9), 15\u201320 min per session (SUCRA\u00a0=\u00a091.6), 6\u20137 sessions per week (SUCRA\u00a0=\u00a091.5), and \u226516 weeks duration (SUCRA\u00a0=\u00a097.9) were most likely to be optimal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise therapy is effective for managing CLBP in adults. The most favourable combination may represent traditional exercise modalities performed for 15\u201320 minutes per session, 6\u20137 times per week, over at least 16 weeks. These findings provide evidence to inform more precise exercise prescription for CLBP rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1836061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:29:39Z","timestamp":1778732979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative effects of exercise modalities and dose parameters on chronic low back pain in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Anhui Sanlian University","place":["Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Training College, Beijing Sports University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuili","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Martial Arts, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.334.12664","article-title":"Effectiveness of core stabilization exercises and routine exercise therapy in management of pain in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Akhtar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J. 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