{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:58:27Z","timestamp":1790657907672,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the accuracy with which 500-, 1000-, and 1500-m endpoint trials reproduced each rower\u2019s individualized 2000-m pacing template, estimate cumulative energy-system contributions at 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000\u00a0m, and reconstruct contributions across four successive 500-m segments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve trained male provincial-team rowers completed a 2000-m all-out rowing-ergometer reference trial to establish individualized cumulative time, mean power, and mean stroke-rate targets, followed by pacing-matched 500-, 1000-, and 1500-m endpoint trials. Pacing-replication accuracy was evaluated using achieved-minus-target bias, MAE, MAPE, concordance, and Bland\u2013Altman limits of agreement. Energy-system contributions were estimated indirectly using the PCr\u2013La\u2013O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      framework. Cumulative endpoints and within-rower reconstructed 500-m segments were analyzed separately using repeated-measures analyses with Holm-adjusted comparisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 500, 1000, and 1500\u00a0m, time MAE was 0.050, 0.092, and 1.258 s; power MAE was 0.667, 0.917, and 5.083 W; and stroke-rate MAE was 0.750, 0.396, and 0.359 spm, respectively. Corresponding MAPE values were 0.053\u20130.431% for time, 0.157\u20131.339% for power, and 1.239\u20132.483% for stroke rate. No stable group-level systematic bias was detected after Holm adjustment, although statistical equivalence was not tested. Reconstruction showed a higher estimated phosphagen contribution during 0\u2013500 m, glycolytic contribution concentrated mainly within the first 1000\u00a0m, and a higher aerobic contribution after the opening segment. No robust segmental difference in total estimated contribution was concluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individualized known-endpoint trials can closely reproduce a rower\u2019s 2000-m pacing template while providing endpoint-specific post-exercise inputs for cumulative indirect energy-system estimation. Within-rower reconstruction offers a transparent way to describe successive 500-m energetic patterns alongside actual kinematics, but these reconstructed segments should not be interpreted as direct physiological measurements of continuous race phases or as a validated training prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1840466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:33:13Z","timestamp":1790656393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative endpoint and reconstructed 500-m energy-system contributions from individualized pacing-matched trials in 2000-m rowing ergometry"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiashi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Jimei University","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Jimei University","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caoan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianyang Yucai Tianjiabing Middle School","place":["Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Jimei University","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3413","article-title":"Determining the contribution of the energy systems during exercise","volume":"61","author":"Artioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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