{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:57:29Z","timestamp":1781672249537,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of plyometric training (PT) on different surfaces on lower extremity power, dynamic balance, and agility in male Tier 2(Trained\/Developmental) collegiate tennis players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty participants were randomly divided into a sand PT group (SAND),a hard-ground PT group (HARD), and a control group (CON), with 10 players in each group. The experimental groups underwent 8 weeks of PT 3 times per week, while the control group maintained regular tennis training. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), elastic utilization ratio (EUR), reactive strength index (RSI), approach vertical jump (AVJ), standing long jump (SLJ), Y-balance test, hexagon jump test, and T-test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 8 weeks of intervention, CMJ, and SJ values were significantly higher in the SAND and HARD groups than in the CON group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with pre-intervention, the SAND group increased CMJ by 10.4%, and SJ by 18.5%; the HARD group increased CMJ by 19.2% and SJ by 15.7%. The HARD group showed greater improvements in RSI (10.0%) and AVJ (6.5%), whereas the SAND group exhibited a significant reduction in EUR (-39.5%) and a more pronounced enhancement in SLJ (6.2%) (p &amp;lt; 0.05). For dynamic balance, only the SAND group displayed significant increases in anterior reach distance of both legs (left: 9.0%; right: 8.3%) (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Regarding agility, hexagon jump performance improved significantly in both SAND (-6.2%) and HARD groups (-9.2%) (p &amp;lt; 0.05), with no significant between-group differences observed in the T-test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that both sand and hard-ground PT effectively enhance lower extremity power and general agility in collegiate tennis players. Hard-ground training is more beneficial for the development of stretch shortening cycle capacity and vertical power, while sand training better improves horizontal power and single-leg dynamic balance. Training surfaces should be selected according to periodized goals to synergistically optimize sport-specific fitness and injury prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1847849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:44:07Z","timestamp":1781671447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of plyometric training on different surfaces on lower-limb power, dynamic balance, and agility in male collegiate tennis players"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, School of Recreation and Community Sport","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linyi University, College of Physical Education and Health","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413093","article-title":"Effects of plyometric jump training in sand or rigid surface on jump-related biomechanical variables and physical fitness in female volleyball players","volume":"18","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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