{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:00:09Z","timestamp":1790312409064,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare spirometric parameters between recreational male marathon runners (MR) and a control group (CG) representative of the male population of the Pomerania region to assess the association between endurance training and pulmonary function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 31 amateur MR and 82 men in the CG aged 35\u201366 years participated in this study. The CG represented the male population of the Pomerania region (Poland). The analysis included basic spirometric parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), Tiffeneau index (FEV1\/FVC), and the potential confounding factors: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), smoking status, and history of obstructive lung diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recreational MR demonstrated significantly higher FVC and FEV1 values than the CG, both in absolute values and as percentages of predicted values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Mean FVC was 5.24 \u00b1 0.68 L in MR and 4.58 \u00b1 0.95 L in controls, whilst mean FEV1 was 4.14 \u00b1 0.55 L and 3.55 \u00b1 0.88 L, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the Tiffeneau index (FEV1\/FVC), smoking status, or prevalence of obstructive lung diseases between the groups. Although anthropometric parameters differed between groups, they were not significantly associated with spirometric outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recreational male MR demonstrated significantly higher FVC and FEV1 values than controls from the general male population. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of obstructive airway disorders. Because of the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better clarify the relationship between endurance training and pulmonary function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1862024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:27:42Z","timestamp":1790310462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of endurance training on spirometric parameters in male long-distance runners"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Nag\u00f3rka-Bolek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Undrunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Ratkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recreational Sports, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Puch-Walczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Wierucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wyszomirski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kuziemski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University of Warmia and Mazury","place":["Olsztyn, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Flis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Ni\u017anikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gymnastics Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw","place":["Bia\u0142a Podlaska, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Zdrojewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk","place":["Gda\u0144sk, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023","article-title":"Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2023 report: GOLD executive summary","volume":"61","author":"Agust\u00ed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0056-z","article-title":"Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Aune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.5.348","article-title":"Results of a 10 week community based strength and balance training programme to reduce fall risk factors: A randomised controlled trial in 65-75 year old women with osteoporosis","volume":"35","author":"Carter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200605000-00003","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on mortality in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"17","author":"Erbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1178","article-title":"Exercise, cognition, and the adolescent brain","volume":"109","author":"Herting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2013.722","article-title":"Single and concurrent effects of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary function","volume":"16","author":"Khosravi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0660-0061","article-title":"Men\u2019s participation and performance in the Boston Marathon from 1897 to 2017","volume":"39","author":"Knechtle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.894792","article-title":"Prevalence of asthma symptoms in athletes in the region of Gdansk (Poland)","volume":"26","author":"Kuziemski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"2269","article-title":"Respiratory adaptations in different types of sport","volume":"19","author":"Lazovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2016.02.004","article-title":"Is there relationship between dynamic volumes of pulmonary function and cardiac workload (maximal oxygen uptake) in young athletes","volume":"22","author":"Lazovic-Popovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Pneumol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.03.005","article-title":"Running as a key lifestyle medicine for longevity","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000459","article-title":"Associations between maternal mental health and well-being and physical activity and sedentary behavior in children","volume":"38","author":"Maher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2014.12.003","article-title":"Respiratory parameters in elite athletes - does sport have an influence","volume":"21","author":"Mazic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Pneumol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.09.003","article-title":"Exercise and mental health","volume":"106","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90090-7","article-title":"Changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity and closing volume after running a marathon","volume":"52","author":"Miles","year":"1983","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1341-4","article-title":"High-intensity intermittent running training improves pulmonary function and alters exercise breathing pattern in children","volume":"94","author":"Nourry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-954OC","article-title":"Delaying decline in pulmonary function with physical activity: A 25-year follow-up","volume":"168","author":"Pelkonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.a2018.0201","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic heart failure and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in the general population: Methods and preliminary results of the HF-Pomorskie Study","volume":"76","author":"Puch-Walczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098391","article-title":"Physical activity and cancer: An umbrella review of the literature including 22 major anatomical sites and 770 000 cancer cases","volume":"52","author":"Rezende","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.16.06780-3","article-title":"Spirometry improvement after muscular exercise in elite swimmers","volume":"57","author":"Rubini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0673.1000102","article-title":"Associations between physical activity and submaximal cardiorespiratory and pulmonary responses in men","volume":"1","author":"Sieverdes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Doping Stud."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200708-1248OC","article-title":"Reference ranges for spirometry across all ages: A new approach","volume":"177","author":"Stanojevic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050878","article-title":"Exercise early and often: Effects of physical activity and exercise on women\u2019s bone health","volume":"15","author":"Troy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051351","article-title":"Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence review","volume":"174","author":"Warburton","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.12.008","article-title":"Domain-specific physical activity and mental health: A meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007725","article-title":"Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease","volume":"7","author":"Winzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604917","article-title":"Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: A meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Wolin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1862024\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:27:43Z","timestamp":1790310463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1862024\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2026.1862024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1862024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"article-number":"1862024"}}