{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:07:58Z","timestamp":1790140078196,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82427801, 32301239, 62025102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82427801, 32301239, 62025102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise induces broad physiological adaptations through complex molecular regulation across multiple biological systems. While plasma-based proteomics has substantially advanced our understanding of exercise-associated molecular changes, the proteomic responses of mucosal biofluids, including tear fluid and nasal secretions, remain poorly characterized. A multi-biofluid proteomic approach may provide a more comprehensive characterization of molecular alterations associated with acute exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paired samples of plasma, tear fluid, and nasal secretions were collected from five young, healthy female participants before and after acute aerobic exercise and analyzed using data-independent acquisition (DIA) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). Proteomic profiles across the three biofluids were characterized, and joint mixed-effects modeling was performed to identify proteins exhibiting common or biofluid-specific exercise-associated responses. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to characterize the functional categories associated with upregulated and downregulated proteins in each biofluid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Highly abundant proteins shared across the three biofluids showed enrichment in immune-related processes, inflammatory responses, and protease regulation. Joint mixed-effects analysis identified proteins exhibiting common exercise-associated responses across biofluids, which were primarily enriched in translation-related proteins, including ribosomal proteins, as well as proteins showing biofluid-specific exercise-associated responses. Acute exercise induced differential proteomic alterations across the three biofluids, with differentially abundant proteins showing distinct functional enrichment patterns among the three biofluids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a multi-biofluid DIA proteomic characterization of acute exercise-associated molecular alterations. The findings demonstrate that exercise-induced proteomic changes differ across plasma, tear fluid, and nasal secretions, highlighting the value of integrating multiple biofluids to characterize molecular responses associated with exercise. These results provide a foundation for future studies involving larger cohorts and targeted validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1864411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:50:25Z","timestamp":1790139025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory multi-biofluid proteomic profiling of acute exercise responses in plasma, tear fluid, and nasal secretions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maodi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qintong","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2025.102219","article-title":"Exercise training remodels inter-organ endocrine networks","volume":"99","author":"Ahn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. 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