{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:59:45Z","timestamp":1785387585601,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a major global health concern, liver injury requires effective preventive and therapeutic measures. This study aimed to examine the relationship between eosinophil and basophil counts and liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed two cohorts: 16, 328 subjects from a hospital-based dataset and 14, 962 individuals from the NHANES (2007-2012) database. After excluding cases with missing values, participants were categorized into groups with or without liver injury. Statistical analyses included weighted logistic regression (across three models), the XGBoost algorithm to identify critical factors, and restricted cubic spline analysis to explore non-linear relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in eosinophil and basophil counts in peripheral blood between the liver injury and non-injury groups. Weighted logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between these cell counts and liver injury across all three models, independent of other covariates. The XGBoost algorithm identified eosinophil and basophil counts as critical factors for liver injury, ranking second and third in importance after age. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a non-linear relationship between eosinophil count and the odds ratio (OR), with an optimal count of 0.2\u00d710\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells\/L. Furthermore, higher eosinophil and basophil counts were correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) in patients with liver injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight eosinophil and basophil counts as potential risk factors for liver injury, providing valuable insights for its prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1900697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1785385268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of eosinophils and basophils in peripheral blood in liver injury: findings from a cross-sectional study of an external hospital-based dataset and the NHANES (2007\u20132012)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanhong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuanjie","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnostics Technology of Gansu Province","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2000-6680","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of alcohol-associated liver disease: Gender, race, and risk factors","volume":"43","author":"Anouti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.08-rai-0067","article-title":"Origin of basophils and mast cells","volume":"58","author":"Arinobu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergol Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01048-y","article-title":"Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease","volume":"24","author":"Arnold","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31583","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of alcohol-associated liver disease: A blueprint for action","volume":"73","author":"Asrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14360","article-title":"The role of nutrition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management","author":"Bern\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/livers2040023","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in liver disorders","volume":"2","author":"Conde de la Rosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Livers"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-5845-2","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education","volume":"234","author":"Dave","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. Dent J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101448r","article-title":"GBP5 promotes liver injury and inflammation by inducing hepatocyte apoptosis","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae173","article-title":"Eosinophils as modulators of host defense during parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections","volume":"116","author":"Gazzinelli-Guimaraes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101996","article-title":"Health related quality of life in adult cancer survivors: Importance of social and emotional support","volume":"74","author":"Gudina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105227","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Metabolic, genetic, epigenetic and environmental risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Juanola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32743","article-title":"Health disparities in chronic liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Kardashian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305325","article-title":"Links of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program with food insecurity, poverty, and health: Evidence and potential","volume":"109","author":"Keith-Jennings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1330536","article-title":"Circulating myeloid populations have prognostic utility in alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3727\/105221620x15960509906371","article-title":"The dynamic interplay between mast cells, aging\/cellular senescence, and liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Kundu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene Expr"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1774553","article-title":"Current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic interventions for the treatment of liver fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27358","article-title":"Clinicopathological characteristics of pheochromocytoma\/paraganglioma and screening of prognostic markers","volume":"128","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48260","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25540-5","article-title":"Associations of arsenic exposure with liver injury in US adults: NHANES 2003\u20132018","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. pollut. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15609-5","article-title":"Applying logistic LASSO regression for the diagnosis of atypical Crohn's disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03018-6","article-title":"The association between systemic immune-inflammation index and rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2018","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010967","article-title":"Eosinophils and basophils in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients: Risk factors for predicting the prognosis on admission","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Negl.Trop Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31678","article-title":"Acute liver injury with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen: A prospective study","volume":"73","author":"Louvet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102063","article-title":"Chronic heat stress causes liver damage via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in broilers","volume":"101","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0433-5","article-title":"Interplay of cardiovascular mediators, oxidative stress and inflammation in liver disease and its complications","volume":"18","author":"Matyas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14521","article-title":"A clinical overview of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: A guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications\u2014what the non\u2010specialist needs to know","volume":"24","author":"Muthiah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11050749","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and quality of life: An assessment of the mediating effect of social capital","volume":"11","author":"Nutakor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1439","article-title":"Ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic status patients with chronic liver disease are at greatest risk of being uninsured","volume":"14","author":"Ohikere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2020-300162","article-title":"TableOne: An online web application and R package for summarising and visualising data","volume":"23","author":"Panos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment. Health"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1056838","article-title":"Basophils from allergy to cancer","volume":"13","author":"Poto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4556","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214556","article-title":"Race and ethnicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.09.041","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence, severity, and outcomes in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24294\/as.v1i3.903","article-title":"Chemical induced liver injury: Types, mechanisms and biomarkers","volume":"1","author":"Sachan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anatomical Science"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v079.c02","article-title":"plotROC: A tool for plotting ROC curves","volume":"79","author":"Sachs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600787","article-title":"Eosinophils promote antiviral immunity in mice infected with influenza A virus","volume":"198","author":"Samarasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000005247","article-title":"Logistic regression in medical research","volume":"132","author":"Schober","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Analgesia"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01536-14","article-title":"Dual proinflammatory and antiviral properties of pulmonary eosinophils in respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease","volume":"89","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.954721","article-title":"Recent advances of eosinophils and its correlated diseases","volume":"10","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013976","article-title":"Support provision in marriage: The role of emotional similarity and empathic accuracy","volume":"8","author":"Verhofstadt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030390","article-title":"Oxidative stress in drug-induced liver injury (DILI): From mechanisms to biomarkers for use in clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Villanueva-Paz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antiox (Basel)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32609","article-title":"Eosinophils protect against acetaminophen\u2010induced liver injury through cyclooxygenase\u2010mediated IL\u20104\/IL\u201013 production","volume":"77","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020774","article-title":"Crosstalk between oxidative stress and inflammatory liver injury in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2012.33.6.390","article-title":"Marital status and health behavior in middle-aged Korean adults","volume":"33","author":"Yim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kor J. Fam Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1001911","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes with atopic dermatitis: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study","volume":"13","author":"Zeng-Yun-Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.03.29","article-title":"Predictive analytics with gradient boosting in clinical medicine","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1900697\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:21:09Z","timestamp":1785385269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1900697\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2026.1900697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2026.1900697","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"article-number":"1900697"}}