{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:04:53Z","timestamp":1789707893348,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baguazhang is a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise that combines circular locomotion, repeated changes of direction, lower-limb postural control, trunk rotation, coordinated upper-limb movements, and breathing regulation. These features make it a multicomponent movement practice, but its cardiovascular intensity and trunk-acceleration profile have not been well quantified in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-six sedentary postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a Baguazhang intervention group or a habitual-lifestyle control group in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. The intervention group completed 12 weeks of supervised Baguazhang training (three 60-min sessions\/week). Synchronized chest-strap electrocardiography and waist-mounted tri-axial accelerometry quantified heart-rate-derived internal load and waist-derived acceleration amplitude. The primary outcome was systolic blood pressure (SBP). Secondary outcomes were diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate, body composition, and LnRMSSD. Phase-specific sensor data were summarized for the warm-up, mud-wading, circle-walking, and cool-down blocks. Between-group outcome effects were estimated with baseline-adjusted ANCOVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across 812 attended sessions with valid recordings, mean session heart rate was 118.5 \u00b1 8.4 beats\/min (45.7 \u00b1 6.2% HRR) and mean session TRIMP was 59.7 \u00b1 9.3 arbitrary units. The circle-walking block showed the highest phase-specific cardiovascular demand (133.4 \u00b1 9.2 beats\/min; 61.5 \u00b1 7.4% HRR) and the largest phase TRIMP (37.5 \u00b1 5.6 AU); waist-derived MAD during this block was 0.22 \u00b1 0.05\u00a0g. For the primary outcome, SBP was lower after Baguazhang than after habitual lifestyle (adjusted mean difference \u22127.2 mmHg, 95% CI \u221210.5 to \u22123.9; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Supportive secondary analyses, without multiplicity adjustment, yielded adjusted differences in DBP (\u22124.4 mmHg), resting heart rate (\u22124.5 beats\/min), and LnRMSSD (+0.31), with smaller nominal differences in body mass index and body-fat percentage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baguazhang elicited moderate average cardiovascular intensity, with the greatest phase-specific demand during the circle-walking block. After 12 weeks, SBP was lower than in habitual-lifestyle controls. Secondary outcomes should be interpreted as supportive. Waist accelerometry characterized trunk-acceleration amplitude but did not measure joint or musculoskeletal loading. The findings support Baguazhang as a feasible, measurable, moderate-intensity multicomponent exercise option but do not establish superiority over other exercise modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1922459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:33:23Z","timestamp":1789706003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wearable biosensors characterize Baguazhang exercise intensity, trunk acceleration, and cardiovascular autonomic adaptations in postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jinjin","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Xuzhou University of Technology","place":["Xuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Beijing Union University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Modeling elite athletic performance","volume-title":"Physiological Testing of the High-Performance Athlete","author":"Banister","year":"1991"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0226-6","article-title":"Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors","volume":"3","author":"Bent","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. 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