{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:17:06Z","timestamp":1788239826531,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoxia poses a significant risk in aviation and other safety-critical domains, yet individual awareness and perception of hypoxic states remain highly variable. This study investigated subjective symptom perception, continuous self-assessment, hypoxia recognition, objective performance, and physiological responses during experimentally induced hypoxia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-three participants completed two experimental sessions in a within-subject design: a control condition and a hypoxia condition. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a post-exposure questionnaire, complemented by continuous ratings of overall feeling, concentration, and breathing. Objective performance was evaluated using a Stroop test and a mental rotation task, while physiological response was quantified via peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoxia induction was robust across all participants, with significant reductions in SpO\u2082 metrics under hypoxia. While no individual symptoms reached statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons, several hypoxia-related symptoms showed consistent directional trends and approached statistical significance. Continuous subjective ratings were significantly lower under hypoxia, with breathing demonstrating a pronounced temporal deterioration. Hypoxia recognition occurred more often during hypoxia than during control. No significant effects were observed in objective performance measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that hypoxia primarily affects physiological state and subjective experience, with breathing-related sensations showing the clearest temporal changes among the subjective measures and potentially contributing to hypoxia awareness within the present experimental paradigm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1923338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:27:37Z","timestamp":1788236857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypoxia awareness and symptom dynamics under aviation-related simulated exposure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lenka","family":"Hanakova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Factors and Automation in Aviation, Department of Air Transport, Czech Technical University in Prague","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Factors and Automation in Aviation, Department of Air Transport, Czech Technical University in Prague","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Air Transport Management, Faculty of Aeronautics, Technical University of Kosice","place":["Kosice, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hodik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Factors and Automation in Aviation, Department of Air Transport, Czech Technical University in Prague","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Oniscenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Factors and Automation in Aviation, Department of Air Transport, Czech Technical University in Prague","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Aeromedical Training and Expertise Section, Institute of Aviation Medicine Prague","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"857","article-title":"Mask-on hypoxia training for tactical jet aviators: Evaluation of an alternate instructional paradigm","volume":"77","author":"Artino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aviat. 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