{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:04:26Z","timestamp":1790762666071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to evaluate the effects of an eight-week Exercise Snacks (ES) program based on a mobile app on musculoskeletal strength in sedentary young women.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixty sedentary young women were randomly assigned to the ES group (n=30) or the control group (n=30). Participants in the ES group completed an eight-week exercise program with 75 minutes per week. Outcome measures before and after intervention included maximal strength (peak torque, maximal force output), explosive strength (standing long jump), and muscular endurance (total work at 180\u00b0\/s, bodyweight squats to failure). We used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time \u00d7 group) with Bonferroni\n post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n tests, and effect sizes were reported as partial eta squared (\n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mtext>\n p<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ). p &lt; 0.05 was statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant group \u00d7 time interactions were observed for all outcomes (p &lt; 0.05). In the ES group, peak torque at 60\u00b0\/s increased from 115.68 \u00b1 33.92 N\u00b7m to 128.40 \u00b1 36.88 N\u00b7m, while the control group showed a change from 116.76 \u00b1 30.32 N\u00b7m to 118.85 \u00b1 30.20 N\u00b7m (p = 0.011,\n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n = 0.107). Maximal force output in the ES group increased from 568.07 \u00b1 43.45\u00a0N to 579.61 \u00b1 46.35\u00a0N, compared to the control group, which decreased from 558.98 \u00b1 44.26\u00a0N to 557.46 \u00b1 45.16\u00a0N (p = 0.026,\n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n \u00a0<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n = 0.083). The standing long jump improved from 165.20 \u00b1 10.45\u00a0cm to 172.17 \u00b1 10.72\u00a0cm in the ES group, whereas the control group improved from 167.27 \u00b1 9.98\u00a0cm to 168.43 \u00b1 9.74\u00a0cm (p &lt; 0.001,\n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n \u00a0<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n = 0.258). Total work at 180\u00b0\/s in the ES group increased from 722.82 \u00b1 109.39 J to 812.85 \u00b1 128.35 J, while the control group showed an increase from 738.86 \u00b1 81.02 J to 760.73 \u00b1 79.80 J (p &lt; 0.001,\n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n = 0.285). Lastly, the number of bodyweight squat repetitions increased from 27.87 \u00b1 9.66 to 32.53 \u00b1 10.88 in the ES group, compared to the control group, which increased from 25.67 \u00b1 7.22 to 27.73 \u00b1 7.90 (p = 0.019,\n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b7<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n = 0.091).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n 75 minutes of resistance exercise snacks per week is an effective strategy for promoting musculoskeletal strength in sedentary women. Further studies should explore the underlying physiological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1926054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:41:47Z","timestamp":1790761307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of resistance exercise snacks via a mobile health app on musculoskeletal strength in sedentary young women: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhangyuting","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Management, Chongqing University of Education","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziren","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of General Education, Chongqing Jianzhu College","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200304000-00002","article-title":"Training-induced changes in neural function","volume":"31","author":"Aagaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exercise Sport Sci. 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