{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:07:52Z","timestamp":1789103272378,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary antimicrobial peptide, tilapia-derived endogenous piscidin 4 (TP4), on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response and disease resistance of juvenile Nile Tilapia (\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four diets with supplementation of 0 g\/kg (Control), 2.0 g\/kg, 4.0 g\/kg, and 8.0 g\/kg of TP4, respectively, were prepared for tilapia (initial weight 11.67 \u00b1 0.21 g).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results showed that specific growth rate of fish fed the diet with 2.0 g\/kg TP4 was significantly higher, while feed conversion ratio was lower than those in the control (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, 2.0 g\/kg TP4 supplementation markedly elevated crude protein contents and condition factor, as well as intestinal trypsin and lipase activities than the control (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, 2.0 and 4.0 g\/kg TP4 supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity, evidenced by significantly increased catalase and peroxidase activities, as well as decreased malondialdehyde contents in liver (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the expression of antioxidant genes\n                      <jats:italic>sod1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>cat<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>nrf2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>atf4<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher significantly in 2.0 and 4.0 g\/kg TP4 groups than in the control (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Also, 2.0 g\/kg TP4 supplementation significantly reduced activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and elevated the activity of alkaline phosphatase (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Relatedly, pro-inflammatory genes\n                      <jats:italic>il8<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>tnf\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      were downregulated, anti-inflammatory genes\n                      <jats:italic>il10<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>arg1<\/jats:italic>\n                      were upregulated, and relative percent survival of fish after challenge with\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      was elevated in the 2.0 g\/kg TP4 group than in the control, demonstrating that 2.0 g\/kg TP4 may improve immune response and disease resistance. However, these favorable effects on antioxidant capacity and immunity disappeared at the 8.0 g\/kg TP4 supplementation level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, 2-4 g\/kg TP4 supplementation in the diet effectively enhanced antioxidant capacity, immune response and disease resistance, which may potentially improve the growth performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1936199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:35:09Z","timestamp":1789101309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of dietary antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response and disease resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wencong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Breeding, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center of Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Breeding, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center of Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Breeding, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center of Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Breeding, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center of Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108649","article-title":"Growth-promoting effect of antimicrobial peptide Scy-hepc on mariculture large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea and the underlying mechanism","volume":"134","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis, 16th Ed","year":"1995"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116344","article-title":"A 14-amino acid cationic peptide bolespleenin334-347 from the marine fish mudskipper boleophthalmus pectinirostris exhibiting potent antimicrobial activity and therapeutic potential","volume":"226","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. 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