{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:51:52Z","timestamp":1793134312075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001769","name":"Charles Sturt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sunburn is a physiological disorder that affects the visual and organoleptic properties of grapes. The appearance of brown and necrotic spots severely affects the commercial value of the fruit, and in extreme cases, significantly decreases yield. Depending on the severity of the damage and the driving factors, sunburn on grapes can be classified as sunburn browning (SB) or as sunburn necrosis (SN). Sunburn results from a combination of excessive photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV radiation and temperature that can be exacerbated by other stress factors such as water deficit. Fruit respond to these by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms,<jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>synthesis of optical screening compounds and heat-shock proteins as well as through morphological adaptation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sunburn in grapes and compares it with relevant literature on other fruits. It also discusses the different factors affecting the appearance and degree of sunburn, as well as the biochemical response of grapes to this phenomenon and different potential mitigation strategies. This review proposes further directions for research into sunburn in grapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T05:18:12Z","timestamp":1610083092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Sunburn in Grapes: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Gambetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno P.","family":"Holzapfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Friedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1993.44.3.333","article-title":"Glutathione increases in grape berries at the onset of ripening","volume":"44","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Protecting red roomy grapevines growing under Minia region conditions from sunburn damage","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Winegrape assessment in the vineyard and at the winery","author":"Allan","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Histologische Untersuchungen an Weinbeeren","volume":"20","author":"Alleweldt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vitis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72874-2_11","article-title":"Can Young olive plants overcome heat shock?","volume-title":"Theory and practice of climate adaptation","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.05.070","article-title":"Grape aroma precursors in cv. Nebbiolo as affected by vine microclimate","volume":"211","author":"Asproudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref7","author":"Aubert","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-1571(71)90107-5","article-title":"Genetics and physiology of sunscald of fruits","volume":"8","author":"Barber","year":"1971","journal-title":"Agric. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/ajgw.12010","article-title":"Effect of elevated temperature on the onset and rate of mesocarp cell death in berries of shiraz and chardonnay and its relationship with berry shrivel","volume":"19","author":"Bonada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref10","author":"Bondada","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2012.37105","article-title":"Not all shrivels are created equal \u2010 morpho-anatomical and compositional characteristics differ among different shrivel types that develop during ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries","volume":"3","author":"Bondada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2019.53.2.2424","article-title":"The influence of temperature and solar radiation on phenols in berry skin and maturity parameters of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling","volume":"53","author":"Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2007.06.010","article-title":"Mechanical behaviour and properties of agricultural nets. Part II: analysis of the performance of the main categories of agricultural nets","volume":"26","author":"Briassoulis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156631","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156631","article-title":"Comparing kaolin and pinolene to improve sustainable grapevine production during drought","volume":"11","author":"Brillante","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"64","article-title":"Effect of vine or bunch shading on the carotenoid composition in Vitis vinifera L. berries. I. Syrah grapes","volume":"53","author":"Bureau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wein-Wissenschaft"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"219","article-title":"Lignins and abiotic stresses","volume-title":"Advances in botanical research","author":"Cabane","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Golpe de sol en uva para vino en el valle de Itata: m\u00e1s de lo esperado","volume":"2","author":"Calderon-Orellana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Vinos del Sur"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12410","article-title":"Differential physiological response of the grapevine varieties Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira to combined heat, drought and light stresses","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.25368","article-title":"Plastic nets in agriculture: a general review of types and applications","volume":"24","author":"Castellano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"key":"ref20","author":"Chang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-008-0776-3","article-title":"Effects of high temperature coupled with high light on the balance between photooxidation and photoprotection in the sun-exposed peel of apple","volume":"228","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err449","article-title":"Impact of diurnal temperature variation on grape berry development, proanthocyanidin accumulation, and the expression of flavonoid pathway genes","volume":"63","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00086.x","article-title":"Growth stages of the grapevine: adoption of a system for identifying grapevine growth stages","volume":"1","author":"Coombe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.3.3.5536","article-title":"Drought stress and reactive oxygen species","volume":"3","author":"Cruz de Carvalho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-012-0380-z","article-title":"R2R3 MYB transcription factors: key regulators of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in grapevine","volume":"249","author":"Czemmel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref26","author":"Danenberg","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcl236","article-title":"Ascorbate as a biosynthetic precursor in plants","volume":"99","author":"Debolt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa046","article-title":"Drought stress modulates cuticular wax composition of the grape berry","volume":"71","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2015.12.005","article-title":"Kaolin exogenous application boosts antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in berries and leaves of grapevine under summer stress","volume":"191","author":"Dinis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2003.tb00261.x","article-title":"Synthesis of flavonols and expression of flavonol synthase genes in the developing grape berries of shiraz and chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"9","author":"Downey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2004.tb00008.x","article-title":"The effect of bunch shading on berry development and flavonoid accumulation in shiraz grapes","volume":"10","author":"Downey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Bunch exposure management","author":"Dry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"63","article-title":"Developmental changes of primary processes of photosynthesis in sun\u2010 and shade-adapted berries of two grapevine cultivars","volume":"41","author":"D\u00fcring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vitis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2019.04.012","article-title":"Physiochemistry of blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) affected by red drupelet reversion","volume":"153","author":"Edgley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/ajgw.12371","article-title":"Di-1-p-menthene reduces grape leaf and bunch transpiration","volume":"25","author":"Fahey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2008.09.013","article-title":"Changes in pigment concentrations associated with sunburn browning of five apple cultivars. I. Chlorophylls and carotenoids","volume":"176","author":"Felicetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2013.10.012","article-title":"Abiotic stress effects on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): focus on abscisic acid-mediated consequences on secondary metabolism and berry quality","volume":"103","author":"Ferrandino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/ajgw.12229","article-title":"Light promotes expression of monoterpene and flavonol metabolic genes and enhances flavour of winegrape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling)","volume":"22","author":"Friedel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref39","author":"Friedel","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22020218","article-title":"Exploring the effects of geographical origin on the chemical composition and quality grading of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay grapes","volume":"22","author":"Gambetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Gambetta","year":""},{"key":"ref42","author":"Gambetta","year":""},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20493","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species as signals that modulate plant stress responses and programmed cell death","volume":"28","author":"Gechev","year":"2006","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"ref44","author":"Genovese","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.07.037","article-title":"Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) x ultraviolet radiation (UV) interact to initiate solar injury in apple","volume":"162","author":"Glenn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.11.018","article-title":"Fruit-localized photoreceptors increase phenolic compounds in berry skins of fieldgrown Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec","volume":"110","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234341","article-title":"Grape berry flavonoid responses to high bunch temperatures post v\u00e9raison: effect of intensity and duration of exposure","volume":"24","author":"Gouot","year":"","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2019.103866","article-title":"Impact of short temperature exposure of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grapevine bunches on berry development, primary metabolism and tannin accumulation","volume":"168","author":"Gouot","year":"","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref49","author":"Greenspan","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref51","author":"Greer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"147","article-title":"Susceptibility of chardonnay grapes to sunburn","volume":"45","author":"Greer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vitis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2012.00192.x","article-title":"Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and canopy manipulation on the biochemical composition of sauvignon Blanc grapes","volume":"18","author":"Gregan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-11-165","article-title":"Transcriptional analysis of late ripening stages of grapevine berry","volume":"11","author":"Guillaumie","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.99.5.390","article-title":"Effect of temperature on ontogeny of berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet sauvignon","volume":"99","author":"Hale","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref56","author":"Hannah","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12386","article-title":"Carotenoid oxidation products as stress signals in plants","volume":"79","author":"Havaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2008.12.003","article-title":"How relevant are flavonoids as antioxidants in plants?","volume":"14","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2018.17107","article-title":"Leaf removal effects on cabernet franc and petit verdot: II. Grape carotenoids, phenolics, and wine sensory analysis","volume":"69","author":"Hickey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13904-19","article-title":"Intensive fruit-zone leaf thinning increases Vitis vinifera L. \u2018cabernet sauvignon\u2019 berry temperature and berry phenolics without adversely affecting berry anthocyanins in Virginia","volume":"54","author":"Hickey","year":"2019","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"UV radiation in New Zealand: Implications for grape quality","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13409","article-title":"Impact of pulsed UV-B stress exposure on plant performance: how recovery periods stimulate secondary metabolism while reducing adaptive growth attenuation","volume":"42","author":"H\u00f6ll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant, Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00375","article-title":"Sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to heat stress in plants","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"175","article-title":"The interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on Vitis vinifera cv. 'Semillon' grapevines. I. Berry growth and development","volume":"78","author":"Hulands","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1","article-title":"The interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on Vitis vinifera cv. \u2018Semillon\u2019grapevines. II. Berry ripening and susceptibility to sunburn at harvest","volume":"79","author":"Hulands","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"446","article-title":"Alleviating sunburn injury in apple fruit using natural and fertilizer forms of S-abscisic acid and its underlying mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Iamsub","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Agric. Environ."},{"key":"ref67","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092953","article-title":"Signal transduction in responses to UV-B radiation","volume":"60","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plant epicuticular waxes: function, production, and genetics","volume-title":"Horticultural reviews","author":"Jenks","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.12.076","article-title":"Proteomics approach reveals mechanism underlying susceptibility of loquat fruit to sunburn during color changing period","volume":"176","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00786","article-title":"Field-grown grapevine berries use carotenoids and the associated xanthophyll cycles to acclimate to UV exposure differentially in high and low light (shade) conditions","volume":"7","author":"Joubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-017-0197-3","article-title":"Pre-harvest bagging of grape clusters as a non-chemical physical control measure against certain pests and diseases of grapevines","volume":"8","author":"Karajeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Org. Agric."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1972.23.2.71","article-title":"Effect of controlled day and night temperatures on grape coloration","volume":"23","author":"Kliewer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10341-017-0337-7","article-title":"Leaf removal treatments combined with kaolin particle film technique from different directions of grapevine\u2019s canopy affect the composition of phytochemicals of cv. Muscat Hamburg V. vinifera L","volume":"60","author":"Kok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Erwebs-Obstbau"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1071\/FP03076","article-title":"UV screening by phenolics in berries of grapevine (Vitis vinifera)","volume":"30","author":"Kolb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2012.02.026","article-title":"Light quality affects flavonoid biosynthesis in young berries of cabernet sauvignon grape","volume":"78","author":"Koyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3733\/ca.v064n03p155","article-title":"Distinctive symptoms differentiate four common types of berry shrivel disorder in grape","volume":"64","author":"Krasnow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Calif. Agric."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6841","DOI":"10.1021\/jf904555p","article-title":"Timing of cluster light environment manipulation during grape development affects C13-norisoprenoid and carotenoid concentrations in Riesling","volume":"58","author":"Kwasniewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"115","article-title":"Improving optical fruit sorting by non-destructive determination of quality parameters affecting wine quality","volume-title":"Optical characterization of materials","author":"Lafontaine","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2008.01131.x","article-title":"The shaded side of apple fruit becomes more sensitive to photoinhibition with fruit development","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2009.07.005","article-title":"The elevated anthocyanin level in the shaded peel of \u2018Anjou\u2019 pear enhances its tolerance to high temperature under high light","volume":"177","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-006-0285-z","article-title":"Gene expression profiles during heat acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-culture cells","volume":"119","author":"Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-018-2792-7","article-title":"The mechanism of color fading in sunburned apple peel","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2015.49.2.86","article-title":"Effects of kaolin-based particle film and fruit zone netting on cabernet sauvignon grapevine physiology and fruit quality","volume":"49","author":"Lobos","year":"2015","journal-title":"OENO one"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2009.12.006","article-title":"Abiotic stresses and induced BVOCs","volume":"15","author":"Loreto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23033","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023033","article-title":"Photosynthetic responses to heat treatments at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevine (Vitis amurensis L.) leaves","volume":"6","author":"Luo","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(03)00277-2","article-title":"The sun-exposed peel of apple fruit has higher xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation and antioxidants of the ascorbate\u2013glutathione pathway than the shaded peel","volume":"165","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(01)00333-8","article-title":"An investigation on structural aspects influencing product formation in enzymic and chemical oxidation of quercetin and related flavonols","volume":"77","author":"Makris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.10.050","article-title":"The use of nets for tree fruit crops and their impact on the production: A review","volume":"246","author":"Manja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.21548\/13-2-2177","article-title":"Effect of region on free and bound monoterpene and C13-norisoprenoid concentrations in Weisser Riesling wines","volume":"13","author":"Marais","year":"1992","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10693","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04163","article-title":"Partial solar radiation exclusion with color shade nets reduces the degradation of organic acids and flavonoids of grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"65","author":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00fcscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970677e","article-title":"Survey of the free and conjugated myricetin and quercetin content of red wines of different geographical origins","volume":"46","author":"McDonald","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002770","article-title":"Ozone profile differences between Europe and New Zealand: effects on surface UV irradiance and its estimation from satellite sensors","volume":"108","author":"McKenzie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. [Atmos.]"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-016-2688-y","article-title":"Impact of drought stress on concentration and composition of wine proteins in Riesling","volume":"242","author":"Meier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2003.09.006","article-title":"Kaolin treatment to reduce pomegranate sunburn","volume":"100","author":"Melgarejo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-9-145","article-title":"Ascorbate metabolism and the developmental demand for tartaric and oxalic acids in ripening grape berries","volume":"9","author":"Melino","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(00)00042-7","article-title":"Light-stress-induced pigment changes and evidence for anthocyanin photoprotection in apples","volume":"55","author":"Merzlyak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0981-9428(02)01408-0","article-title":"Patterns of pigment changes in apple fruits during adaptation to high sunlight and sunscald development","volume":"40","author":"Merzlyak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2011.11.007","article-title":"How do plants feel the heat?","volume":"37","author":"Mittler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2004.08.009","article-title":"Reactive oxygen gene network of plants","volume":"9","author":"Mittler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-016-0786-3","article-title":"The grapevine VviPrx31 peroxidase as a candidate gene involved in anthocyanin degradation in ripening berries under high temperature","volume":"129","author":"Mohaved","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"95","article-title":"Sonnenbrand bei Weinreben \u2010 eine Nachlese","volume-title":"Deutsches Weinbau-Jahrbuch","author":"Mohr","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm055","article-title":"Loss of anthocyanins in red-wine grape under high temperature","volume":"58","author":"Mori","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2010.10012","article-title":"Influence of bunch position in the canopy on berry epicuticular wax during ripening and on weight loss during postharvest dehydration","volume":"62","author":"Muganu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.125.4.1558","article-title":"Non-photochemical quenching. A response to excess light energy","volume":"125","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010924","article-title":"Ascorbate deficiency can limit violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity in vivo","volume":"128","author":"M\u00fcller-Moul\u00e9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"143","article-title":"\u00dcber Besch\u00e4digung von Trauben durch Sonnenbrand","volume":"9","author":"M\u00fcller-Thurgau","year":"1883","journal-title":"Der Weinbau"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.11.003","article-title":"Photo-oxidative sunscald of apple: effects of temperature and light on fruit peel photoinhibition, bleaching and short-term tolerance acquisition","volume":"197","author":"Naschitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref110","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s13580-020-00226-w","article-title":"Sunburn control by nets differentially affects the antioxidant properties of fruit peel in \u2018gala\u2019 and \u2018Fuji\u2019 applesl","volume":"61","author":"Olivares-Soto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2014.48.3.1579","article-title":"Shading of the fruit zone to reduce grape yield and quality losses caused by sunburn","volume":"48","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2014.07.039","article-title":"Changes in vineyard establishment and canopy management urged by earlier climate-related grape ripening: a review","volume":"178","author":"Palliotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00929","article-title":"Whole plant temperature manipulation affects flavonoid metabolism and the transcriptome of grapevine berries","volume":"8","author":"Pastore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-13-30","article-title":"Selective defoliation affects plant growth, fruit transcriptional ripening program and flavonoid metabolism in grapevine","volume":"13","author":"Pastore","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2016.50.3.52","article-title":"Nested effects of berry half, berry and bunch microclimate on biochemical composition in grape","volume":"50","author":"Pieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2006.11.006","article-title":"Flavonoid oxidation in plants: from biochemical properties to physiological functions","volume":"12","author":"Pourcel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1995.46.2.187","article-title":"Cluster sun exposure and quercetin in pinot noir grapes and wines","volume":"46","author":"Price","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"19","article-title":"The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars","volume":"11","author":"Racsk\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Hortic. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2012.696453","article-title":"Sunburn of apple fruit: historical background, recent advances and future perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Racsk\u00f3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04881","article-title":"Grape berry acclimation to excessive solar irradiance leads to repartitioning between major flavonoid groups","volume":"66","author":"Reshef","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.126.5.564","article-title":"Characterization of heat shock protein expression in apple peel under field and laboratory conditions","volume":"126","author":"Ritenour","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-013-0338-z","article-title":"Heat and water stress induce unique transcriptional signatures of heat-shock proteins and transcription factors in grapevine","volume":"14","author":"Rocheta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genomics"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8120549","article-title":"Physiological effects of exogenously applied reflectants and anti-transpirants on leaf temperature and fruit sunburn in citrus","volume":"8","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plan. Theory"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1989.40.4.241","article-title":"Some factors affecting cuticle and wax accumulation on grape berries","volume":"40","author":"Rosenquist","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7843","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7","article-title":"Oxidized polymeric phenolics: could they be considered photoprotectors?","volume":"65","author":"Rustioni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.03.003","article-title":"Oxidations in white grape (Vitis vinifera L.) skins: comparison between ripening process and photooxidative sunburn symptoms","volume":"150","author":"Rustioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochemist"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.01.029","article-title":"Chlorophyll role in berry sunburn symptoms studied in different grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars","volume":"185","author":"Rustioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1021\/jf405772f","article-title":"Characterization of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry sunburn symptoms by reflectance","volume":"62","author":"Rustioni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4238(86)90028-2","article-title":"Effect of shading on plant development, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown under conditions of high temperature and radlation","volume":"29","author":"Rylski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2016.1217148","article-title":"Effect of light exposure on linalool biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries","volume":"80","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-13-175","article-title":"Effect of artificial shading on the tannin accumulation and aromatic composition of the Grillo cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"13","author":"Scafidi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/15538360903378781","article-title":"Sunburn browning decreases at-harvest internal fruit quality of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)","volume":"9","author":"Schrader","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Fruit Sci."},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2008.772.5","article-title":"Heat and light-induced apple skin disorders: causes and prevention","volume":"772","author":"Schrader","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1094\/PHP-2001-1004-01-RS","article-title":"Two types of sunburn in apple caused by high fruit surface (peel) temperature","volume":"2","author":"Schrader","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Health Prog."},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2003.618.47","article-title":"Environmental stresses that cause sunburn of apple","volume":"618","author":"Schrader","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref137","author":"Schultz","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.12.010","article-title":"Characterizing aromatic typicality of Riesling wines: merging volatile compositional and sensory aspects","volume":"69","author":"Sch\u00fcttler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2018.08.009","article-title":"Effect of surround WP\u00ae, a kaolin-based particle film on sunburn, fruit cracking and postharvest quality of \u2018Kandhari\u2019 pomegranates","volume":"114","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-013-1428-8","article-title":"Temperature influences \u03b2-carotene production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing carotenogenic genes from Phaffia rhodozyma","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref141","author":"Silvestre","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-1571(76)90029-7","article-title":"Solar heating of grape berries and other spherical fruits","volume":"17","author":"Smart","year":"1976","journal-title":"Agric. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13887-4_5","article-title":"Manifestations of the buildup of screening pigments in the optical properties of plants","volume-title":"Photoprotection in plants","author":"Solovchenko","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1134\/S1021443708060010","article-title":"Screening of visible and UV radiation as a photoprotective mechanism in plants","volume":"55","author":"Solovchenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref145","first-page":"98","article-title":"The effects of bags with different light transmittance on the berry cracking of grape \u2018Kyoho\u2019","volume":"49","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.09.150","article-title":"Effect of grape bunch sunlight exposure and UV radiation on phenolics and volatile composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir wine","volume":"173","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2002.53.3.171","article-title":"Separation of sunlight and temperature effects on the composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot berries","volume":"53","author":"Spayd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref148","volume-title":"Deutsches Weinbau Jahrbuch Stuttgart","author":"Stoll","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref149","volume-title":"Deutsches Weinbau Jahrbuch","author":"Stoll","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2009.02061.x","article-title":"The Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factor HY5 regulates expression of the PFG1\/MYB12 gene in response to light and ultraviolet-B radiation","volume":"33","author":"Stracke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant, Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2503\/jjshs1.CH-095","article-title":"Skin browning and expression of PPO, STS, and CHS genes in the grape berries of \u2018Shine Muscat\u2019","volume":"83","author":"Suehiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref152","author":"Tarara","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00871.x","article-title":"The role of free radicals in senescence and wounding","volume":"105","author":"Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj136","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical responses of fruit exocarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) mutants to natural photo-oxidative conditions","volume":"57","author":"Torres","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-020-0244-1","article-title":"Photooxidative stress activates a complex multigenic response integrating the phenylpropanoid pathway and ethylene, leading to lignin accumulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.06.035","article-title":"Fruit water relations and osmoregulation on apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with different sun exposures and sun-injury levels on the tree","volume":"161","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hort."},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.23.5.659","article-title":"Comparison of paper bags, calcium carbonate, and shade nets for sunscald protection in \u2018Murcott\u2019 tangor fruit","volume":"23","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hortic. Technol."},{"key":"ref157","author":"Tupinier","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref158","volume-title":"United States standards for grades of table grapes (European or Vinifera type)","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2019.19002","article-title":"Timing and intensity of grapevine defoliation: an extensive overview on five cultivars in Switzerland","volume":"70","author":"Verdenal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref160","volume-title":"Der Weinbau nach der praktischen Reihenfolge der Arbeiten dargestellt","author":"von Babo","year":"1840"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2005.11.002","article-title":"Harvest and post-harvest apple fruit quality following applications of kaolin particle film in south African orchards","volume":"107","author":"Wand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-005-6146-2","article-title":"Thermotolerance and related antioxidant enzyme activities induced by heat acclimation and salicylic acid in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1071\/FP09008","article-title":"Heat acclimation induced acquired heat tolerance and cross adaptation in different grape cultivars: relationships to photosynthetic energy partitioning","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-014-9969-x","article-title":"Drought priming at vegetative growth stages improves tolerance to drought and heat stresses occurring during grain filling in spring wheat","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/09571264.2010.530106","article-title":"Managing grapevines through severe heat: A survey of growers after the 2009 summer heatwave in South-Eastern Australia","volume":"21","author":"Webb","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Wine Res."},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.372","article-title":"Decadal changes in radiative fluxes at land and ocean surfaces and their relevance for global warming","volume":"7","author":"Wild","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref167","author":"W\u00fcnsche","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.5965\/223811711712018091","article-title":"\u00c9poca de desfolha e sua influ\u00eancia no desempenho vit\u00edcola da uva \u2018sauvignon Blanc\u2019 em regi\u00e3o de elevada altitude","volume":"17","author":"W\u00fcrz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista de Ci\u00eancias Agroveterin\u00e1rias"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.115.4.1405","article-title":"Flavonoid-peroxidase reaction as a detoxification mechanism of plant cells against H2O2","volume":"115","author":"Yamasaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref170","author":"Yang","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.21273\/hortsci14427-19","article-title":"Critical temperatures and heating times for fruit damage in northern highbush blueberry","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.01775","article-title":"Grapevine plasticity in response to an altered microclimate: sauvignon Blanc modulates specific metabolites in response to increased berry exposure","volume":"170","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00630","article-title":"Transcriptional responses to pre-flowering leaf defoliation in grapevine berry from different growing sites, years, and genotypes","volume":"8","author":"Zenoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2015.15038","article-title":"Grape berry transpiration is determined by vapor pressure deficit, cuticular conductance, and berry size","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107606","article-title":"Relationships between degree of polymerization and antioxidant activities: a study on proanthocyanidins from the leaves of a medicinal mangrove plant Ceriops tagal","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref176","first-page":"196","article-title":"Sonnenbrand-, Hitztod\u2010 und Austrocknungssch\u00e4den an Reben","volume":"4","author":"Zschokke","year":"1930","journal-title":"Die Gartenbauwissenschaft"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T06:07:51Z","timestamp":1697522871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"references-count":175,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"article-number":"604691"}}