{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:24:50Z","timestamp":1788283490555,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Malus hupehensis<\/jats:italic> Rehd. var. <jats:italic>pingyiensis<\/jats:italic> Jiang (Pingyi Tiancha, PYTC) is an excellent apple rootstock and ornamental tree, but its tolerance to salt stress is weak. Our previous study showed that hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) could alleviate damage in <jats:italic>M. hupehensis<\/jats:italic> roots under alkaline salt stress. However, the molecular mechanism of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S mitigation alkaline salt remains to be elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in plant response to salt stress. Whether miRNAs are involved in the mitigation of alkaline salt stress mediated by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S remains unclear. In the present study, through the expression analysis of miRNAs and target gene response to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and alkaline salt stress in <jats:italic>M. hupehensis<\/jats:italic> roots, 115 known miRNAs (belonging to 37 miRNA families) and 15 predicted novel miRNAs were identified. In addition, we identified and analyzed 175 miRNA target genes. We certified the expression levels of 15 miRNAs and nine corresponding target genes by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Interestingly, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S pretreatment could specifically induce the downregulation of mhp-miR408a expression, and upregulated mhp-miR477a and mhp-miR827. Moreover, root architecture was improved by regulating the expression of mhp-miR159c and mhp-miR169 and their target genes. These results suggest that the miRNA-mediated regulatory network participates in the process of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S-mitigated alkaline salt stress in <jats:italic>M. hupehensis<\/jats:italic> roots. This study provides a further understanding of miRNA regulation in the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S mitigation of alkaline salt stress in <jats:italic>M. hupehensis<\/jats:italic> roots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.663519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T13:44:45Z","timestamp":1627307085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Alkaline Salt Stress by Regulating the Expression of MicroRNAs in Malus hupehensis Rehd. Roots"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Sheng","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Qiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"The bonferroni and Sidak corrections for multiple comparisons","author":"Abdi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2017.01.018","article-title":"MicroRNA156 improves drought stress tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by silencing SPL13.","volume":"258","author":"Arshad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.078063","article-title":"pho2, a phosphate over accumulator, is caused by a nonsense mutation in a microRNA399 target gene.","volume":"141","author":"Aung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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